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Logical Fallacies & Persuasive Techniques (Ad Hominem ((Example:Green…
Logical Fallacies & Persuasive Techniques
Ad Hominem
An attack on the character of a person rather than his or her opinions or arguments
Example:Green Peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies.
Ad Populum
Example: If you were a true American you would support the rights of people to choose whatever vehicle they want.
An emotional appeal that speaks to positive (such as patriotism, religion, and democracy) or negative (such as terrorism or fascism) concepts rather than the real issue at hand
Begging the claim
A conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim
Example: Filthy and polluting coal should be banned.
Circular argument
This restates the argument rather than actually proving it
Example: The president is a good communicator because he speaks effectively.
Either/Or
A conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices
Example: we can either stop using cars or destroy the Earth.
Genetic fallacy
A conclusion based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature or worth
Example: The Volkswagon Beetle is an evil car because it was originally designed by Hitler's army
Appeal
Playing on the audience emotions,fear, or needs and desires
evidence
Using statistics,research or findings to support
Hasty generalization
Conclusion based on biased evidence
Attacks
Portraying people as foolish to discredit their opinion
Inclusive/Exclusive Language
Use of we,us, and our to show solidarity. Or the use of they to show exclusion.
Rhetorical Question
Questions asked which do not ask for an answer.
Cause and Effect
Arguing that one thing led to another.
Connotation
Using emotionally loaded words
Analogy
Comparing one thing to another in order to prove a point
Generalization
Making a sweeping statement about a group
Humor
Using puns,irony,sarcasm, satire to discredit opposing opinions
Jargon
Using specialized words to demonstrate professionalis in the field they are talking about.
Formal Language
Using higher language with limited emotion to sound knowlegable
Culloquial Language
Informal, friendly language
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sound of words
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds
Moral equivalence
Comparing minor misheeds with major atroceties
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
A conclusion of cause and effect
Red Herring
Avoiding opposing arguments rather than adressing them.
Slippery Slope
Conclusion that every small step leads to another
Straw Men
Simplyfying an opposite view and then attacking the hollow point.