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Persuasive Techniques / Logical Fallacies (Fallacy (fallacies) (Common…
Persuasive Techniques / Logical Fallacies
Fallacy (fallacies)
Common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument.
Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports with claim.
Begging the claim
A conclusion that writer should prove is validated within the claim
Filthy and polluting coal should be banned
Ad Hominem
An attack on characters of a person rather than his or her opinions or arguments
Example: Green Peace's strangies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies
Genetic Fallacy
A conclusion based on an argument that origins of a person, ideas, institute, or theory determinate its character , nature, or worth.
Either/or
A conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices.
Circular argument
this restastes the argument rather than actually proving it
Add populum
Persuasive Techniques
Attacks
Portraying opposing views or people as foolish, dangerous , uncaring or deceitful in an attempt to discredit them
Evidence
Using statics, Expert opinion, research finding, anecdotal evidence to prove point
Appel
Playing on the audience emotions,fears,needs, or desires to persuade them that you are right
Inclusive / Exclusive Language
use of we, us or our to show solidarity, or they and them to show exclusion
Rhetorical Question
questions which do not expect an answer and are asked for effect only
Cause and effect
Arguing that one thing led to another
Connotation
Using emotionally loaded words to influence people
Analogy
Comparing one thing to another in order to prove a point.
Generalization
Making a sweeping statement about whole group based upon one or two members of the group
Humor
Using puns, irony, sarcasm satire, and jokes to discrete opposing views