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Atomic Structure, Elements, Compounds, Chemical Equations (Compounds (A…

- - - - Protons and Neutrons
        
        The protons give the nucleus a postiive charge
      - In the centre of the atom
      - Has a radius of approx 10*10(-14)
      - Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus
    - - Found on energy levels / shells
      - Negatively charged #
      - Tiny!
        
        Cover a lot of space
      - They have virtually no mass
      - The volume of their orbit depends on the size of the atom
  - - - e.g. M = magnesium
      - e.g. O = oxygen
    - - e.g. Na = Sodium
      - e.g. Fe = Iron
- - - - Making bonds involves: giving atoms away, taking or sharing electrons
        
        only the electrons are involved
        
        The nuclei of the atoms aren't affected when bonds are made
  - - - Called Ionic bonding
        
        Examples of ionic bonding include sodium chloride, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide
  - - - Called covalent bonding
        
        Examples include: Hydrogen Chloride gas, carbon monoxide and water
- - - - Not as quick as symbol equations
      - You can't tell straight away what has happened to each of the atoms
      - It's easy!
      - Example: methane + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
        
        The molecules on the left are called the reactants
        
        The molecules on the right are called the products
    - - Symbol equations show the atoms on both sides
      - They just so the chemical symbol or formula for the reactants and products
      - They need to be balanced
        
        There must always be the same number of atoms on both sides -they can't just disappear!
        
        To balance the equation put numbers in front of the formulas when needed
        
        You can't change formulas, you can only put numbers in front of them