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Anti-viral drugs (exploitable anti-viral therapeutic targets (inhibition…

- - - - block the vesicular M2 proton channel, which
        normally through acidification of the endocytotic
        vesicles containing viruses lead to the viral replication
  - - - bind to an allosteric site on the RT,
        inhibiting its catalytic site activity
      - Nevirapine
  - - - gets phosphorylated by viral Thymidine Kinase,
        but not by eukaryotic Thymidine Kinase
      - gets integrated into the viral DNA (not eukaryotic DNA) and terminates the chain
    - - inhibits viral RNA polymarase through inhibiting GTP-dependent enzymes, affecting viral mRNA capping
  - - - Glycoproteins with cytokine,
        immunomodulating and antiviral activities
      - Alpha- and Beta- interferons are produced by most cells
      - Gamma interferons are produced by T-lymphocytes
      - multiple targets
        
        inhibition of viral entry, through
        effects on the host cell viral receptors
        
        alteration of viral protein synthesis
        
        induction of a latent cellular RNAase, which degrades viral mRNA
        
        suspension of ribosome function by phosphorylation and inhbition of a key initiation factor (elF2)
  - - - nucleoside RT inhbitior
      - non-nucleoside RT inhibitor
      - Protease inhibitor
    - - toxicity
      - complex dosing regime
      - expensive
      - does not eradicate the virus
      - resistant strains may arise in the future
- - - - linear
      - circular
  - - - through micropinocytosis or, more usually,
        specific host cell receptors