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Resp Infections (Specific Infections (URTI (rhinovirus, influenza A,…
Resp Infections
Specific Infections
URTI
rhinovirus
influenza A
coronavirus
pharyngitis
erythromycin
anti toxin
sinusitis
viral
acute epiglottitis
Hib
bordatella pertussis
gram -ve
clarithromycin
croup
parainfluenza
Why not?
commensal flora
swallowing reflex
MC escalator
cough reflex
alveolar macrophages
pneumonia
how?
bacteria translocate to sterile distal airway
overwhelm macropahges
neutrophils and inflammatory exudate
resolution
strep pneumoniae
amoxicillin
atypical
often intracellular
clarithromycin
mycoplasma pneumonia
chlamydophilia pneumonia
legionella pneumophilia
complications
parapneumonic effusion
empyema
sepsis
confusion
urea >7mmol/L
resp >30
bp under 90/60
+65
influenza
surface antigens
haemagluttidin
virus binding and entry
neuraminidase
cuts new virus loose from infected cells
prone to mutations due to no proof reading mechanism
drift
seasonal epidemics
better recognised
shift
pandemics
management
containment
identify
contact trace
prophylaxis
treatment
TB
spread
aerosol droplets ~5 microns
enterally via unpasteurised cow milk
FBC
normochromic normocytic anaemia
thrombocytosis
high CRP
hypoalbuminaemia
hypergmmaglobulinaemia
hypercalcaemia
sterile pyuria
diagnosis
mantoux
T4
Interferon gamma release assay
treatment
rifampicin
bacteriocidal
orange secretions
Isoniazid
bacteriocidal
neuropathy
pyrazinamide
bacteriocidal
gout, arthralgia, rash
ethambutol
bacteriostatic
optic neuritis
prevention
active case finding
detection and treatment of latent TB
vaccination
live attenuated
don't give to immunosuppressed
chemoprophylaxis
Why?
single cell barrier
large SA
few enzymes/no acid
in and out flow