Chapter One

History of computer

Genertions

Calculating Devices

Third

Fourth

Second

Fifth

First

Slide Rule Invented by William Oughtred in1622.
Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms. Used primarily for multiplication division roots
logarithms Trigonometry Not normally used for addition or subtraction.


Jacquard Loom
1.The Jacquard loomis a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.

  1. It an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.

Napier’s Bones :Invented by John Napier in 1614. Allowed the operator to multiply, dividend calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.

An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations.

Arithmometer
1.A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmarin 1820,

  1. the first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.
  2. The machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions.
  3. The first mass-produced calculating machine.

Types of Computer

Digital

Hybrid

Analogue

Classification of computer

Mini

Mainframe

Micfro

Super Computer

programming languages

Low

High

Machine

Assembly

Compiled LanguGES

Interpreter Languages

Translators

Interpreter

Complier

Assembler

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
1.It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.
2.Invented by Charles Babbage in1822 and 1834
3.It is the first mechanical computer


Tabulating Machine
1.Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890.
2.To assist in summarizing information and accounting.

Havard Mark 1
1.Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).
2.Invented by Howard H. Aikenin 1943
3.The first electro-mechanical computer.


Computer Generations
There are five generations of computer:
First generation–1946 -1958
Second generation–1959 -1964
Third generation–1965 -1970
Fourth generation–1971 -today
Fifth generation–Today to future**