Marpol : Annex VI: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 (as subsequently amended by Protocols)

Ozone Depleting Substances

Volatile Organic Compounds

Shipboard Incineration

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Tier 1: Emission Regulations

Sulphur Oxides (SOx)

Evidence= Bunker Delivery Note + Retained fuel samples

International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP)

Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Cert. for each non-emergency engine over 130kW

Note for comparison : 130kW equates to approx 175BHP and that a typical family car is between 100-140 BHP

SOx Emissions

Control= bunker fuels used "High" & "Low" Sulphur

Other sample sent for independent testing, important for planned maintenance records and verification of bunker note details for flag state & Port state Controls.

Bunker samples drawn in presence of ships engineer sealed and signed by both ships engineer (usually C/E) and bunker delivery person.

Retained for min of 12 months or until bunkers have been substantially used up. Store safely in flammable locker clear of accomodation ie in ER

Inside SECA

Special Emission Control Areas (SECA): North Sea & Baltic, North America ECA for NOx & SOx from 2012

Outside SECA

Pre-2010 1.5% m/m sulphur (m/m=measured by mass)

Max of 4.5% m/m sulphur

Reduced by IMO 2010-15 to 1.0%

Further reduction after 2015 to 0.1%

Reducing after 01st Jan 2012 to 3.5% m/m sulphur

Further reductions ongoing until 01st Jan 2020 to 0.5 % m/m sulphur (this is known as the Global Sulphur Cap)

Records need to be kept to show that appropriate fuel change over is taking place. Heavy fines have resulted in USA where evidence shows non-compliance with SECA requiremments

Such as:

Organic chemicals easily vapourised: Paint Solvents.etc

Cargo Vapours

HCFCs = Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons

Deliberate emissions prohibited

Ships built after 19th May 2005 prohibit installations containing ozone deleting substances other than HCFCs
(ie Halon in fire smothering systems)

Installations containing HCFCs prohibited on ships built after 01st Jan 2020

Ships must maintain a list containing all equipment using ozone deleting substances.

Ozone Depleting Substances Record Book: for ships with rechargeable systems

Tier 2: Emission Regulations

Applicable all marine engines power output above 130kW (except for emergency engines)

Tier 3: Emission Regulations

Ships built after Jan 2000-Jan 2011

Ships built Jan 2011-Jan 2016

Ships built from 01st Jan 2016 onwards

NOx Emissions are dependant on engine speed, the greater the RPM, greater the fuel consumption so the greater the emissions

17.0 g/kWh when rpm less than 130rpm

45 x n to the power of (-0.2) g/kWh when n=rpm more than 130 but less than 2000 rpm

9.8 g/kWh when rpm greater than 2000 rpm

Between 2000 and 2016 the progression to Tier 3 represents a decrease in the NOx emissions
allowed

Older Tonnage: 1990-2000 with engines of 5000 kW or more compliance to be to Tier 1 requirements

Older tonnage and below 5000 kW power any controls on emissions are for the flag state to determine.

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Main function is to reduce bulk garbage

Not everything can be incinerated:

Ships Garbage: no more than trace amounts of heavy metals present

Vapour Emission Control Systems (VECS) provided at ports and terminals

Ships Exhaust incomplete combustion

Control measures are to properly maintain
engines to ensure the manufacturers designed parameters for emission are maintained.
And use of the correct fuels at all times.

Tankers of Crude Oil must have onboard and implement a VOC Management Plan

Procedures & Arrangements Manual: for Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk (NLS)

What cannot be burnt in incinerator

Cargo residues subject to Annexes I, II,III or associated contaminated packaging

PSBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)

Petroleum products containing halon compounds

Sewage and sludge oils that have not been generated onboard the vessel.

Exhaust gas residues

PVC (polyvinyl chlorides): Unless the incinerator is IMO certified by the flag state as approved to burn plastics

The incinerator must not be used while in port.

Passage Planning to ensure sufficient bunkers of the correct SOx grade are available for all voyage within Emission Control Areas.

Note Greener Future Fuel Alternatives: such as Methanol SOx cut by 99%, particulates cut by 95%, NOx reduced by 60%, CO2 reduced by 25% and Biodegradable. see example of Stena Germanica (YouTube)

Incinerator Ash: land for shore disposal