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The Second World War, 1939 - 1945 (Fall of France (major attack, Belgium,…
The Second World War, 1939 - 1945
Phoney War
false war, war declared yet no fighting
Britain moved British Expeditionary Force to France, children evacuated
Blitzkrieg
1st September 1939, lightning war
bombs dropped, tanks sweep in, infantry follows
Polish army confused due to attacks on both sides, surrender 2 weeks
War in West
ended in April 1940, Denmark Norway fell, Chamberlain resigned
Churchill motivational speaker, kept morale up, opposed Nazism
Fall of France
major attack, Belgium, Holland, France, bypassed Maginot Line
Ardennes, surprised Allies, retreated English Channel
operation Dynamo, evacuation Dunkirk, 338,000 rescued
entered Paris 13th June, 8 days later surrended
Charles de Gaulle set up French government in London, Mussolini joined
pro-German puppet state South, Marshal Pétain, Vichy France
French resistance , guerrilla, collaborators helped France
Battle of Britain
Britain alone, stood firm, Operation Sealion, invasion of Britain
Luftwaffe Stuka, RAF Spitfire / Hurricane, radar helped RAF
failed to win, air-raids, Blitz
Hitler had failed, brought people together
mid-1941 failed to beat Britain, attacked Russia instead
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War in Africa
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successful at first, lost to Montgomery during Battle of El Alamein
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America enters the war
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December 1941 bombed Pearl Harbour, Roosevelt declared war
1943 attack on Italy from North Africa, Operation Torch
Allies March On
Red Army moved forward, large battle at Kursk, Leningrad German siege 900 days
advanced towards Warsaw, Operation Overlord from West, D-Day
D-Day Invasion
strong Atlantic Wall, fortifications along cost
amphibious tanks, funnies
PLUTO, pipeline to move oil
Mulberry piers, artificial harbour
beaches in Normandy, fool Germans as they thought attack on Calais
June 6 1944, General Eisenhower, Americans, British and Candians landed at 5 beaches code-named Juno, Utah, Omaha, Gold and Sword
Battle of the Bulge
August 1944 Paris liberated, Axis forced Allies back in a bulge
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Yalta conference
February 1945, Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt met at Yalta, Crimea
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War in the East
pressed on following Pearl Harbour attack, controlled South-East Asia
controlled Malaya and Burma, plans failed when they lost at the Battle of Midway
Harry S Truman, said 'the buck stops here', dropped atom bomb on Japan
6th August 1945, Enola Gay dropped bomb on Hiroshima, 70,000 dead instantly
10th August 1945 dropped on Nagasaki, fearing attack on Tokyo surrendered
Effects of World War II
55 million people, soldiers, civilians killed
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