Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Postwar Uncertainty (A New Revolution in Science (Einstein and Sigmund…

- - - - Einstein was born March 14th, 1879
        
        His theory of Relativity determined that the laws of physics where the same for all "non-accelerating" observers. It showed that no matter the speed at which an observer travels.
      - More About Einstein
    - - Freud was born May 6th, 1856
        
        Freudian Theory is that the unconscious mind governs behavior to a greater degree then people suspect.
      - More About Freud
  - - - He found that light goes the exact same speed no matter what part of space or what way it is moving.
        
        In 1905, he theorized that while light travles at a constant speed other things seemed to be constant to. Space and Time are not.
        
        Space and Time can change when measured to a relative object moving near the speed of light - About 186,000 miles per second
        
        Motion is relative, so the key to Einstein's idea is called the Theory Of Relativity. His ideas had implications not only for science, but also for how others could view the world. This man was a genius.
        
        Patterns
    - - Because his ideas had implications not only for science, but for how others would view the world itself.
  - - - In what way were Freud’s ideas as revolutionary as Einstein’s?
      - Freud constructed a theory about the human mind, he believed that much of the behavior is irrational, or beyond reason.
        
        He theorizes that in the unconscious mind, a number of drives existed, especially pleasure-seeking drives, of which the conscious mind was unaware
        
        His ideas weakened the faith in reason, but even so, by the 1920's, his theories had developed widespread influence
- - - - Some writers expressed their anxieties by creating disturbing visions of the present and future
      - T.S. Eliot
        
        An American poet living in England
        
        In 1922 he had wrote that Western society had lost its spiritual values and had described the postwar as a wasteland that had been drained of hope and faith
        
        More info on T.S. Eliot
      - William Butler Yeats
        
        An Irish poet
        
        Had conveyed a sense of dark times ahead in his poem, "The Second Coming": "Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; / Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world."
        
        Info on William Butler Yeats
      - Why did writers' visions of the present and future change?
        
        Writer's visions of the present and the future had changed because of WWI and the brutality of it. They were scared of what was happening, along with what was going to happen
    - - Change
  - - - Franz Kafka
        
        A Czech-born author
        
        Wrote eerie novels
        
        The Trial (1925) and The Castle (1926)
        
        His books feature people caught in threatening situations that they couldn't understand or escape
        
        His books were very popular among readers in the times of the uneasy postwar years
        
        Franz Kafka Bio
      - James Joyce
        
        An Irish-born author
        
        Gained widespread attention due to his stream-of-consciousness novel Ulysses (1922)
        
        This book had focused on a single day in the lives of three different people living in Dublin, Ireland
        
        Had broke the normal sentence structure and vocabulary to attempt to mirror the workings of the human mind
        
        James Joyce Bio
      - War
  - - - Jean Paul Sartre
        
        Philosopher
        
        Major leader of this movement
        
        Leadership
        
        More About Jean Paul Sarte
      - Existentialists believed that there is no universal meaning to life
        
        Each person would make their own meaning of life through choices made and actions taken
        
        Existentialists were influenced by Friedrich Nietzche
        
        A German philosopher
        
        Wrote that Western ideas such as reason, democracy, and progress had stifled people's creativity and actions
        
        He had urged a return to the ancient heroic values of pride, assertiveness, and strength
        
        In the 20th century, his ideas had attracted growing attention and had great impacts on politics in the 1920s and 1930s
        
        How might have Nietzsche's ideas have influenced politicians?
        
        Nietzsche's ideas influenced politicians because his ideas had involved reason, democracy, and progress that suppressed people's creativity and actions. This ideas has eventually grew and got more attraction and eventually had great impacts
        
        More about Friedrich Nietzche
- - - - British factories produced 34,000 cars in 1913, after the war prices dropped, the middle class was then able to afford cars. By 1933 British were producing 511,000 cars a year.
      - Increased auto use by the average family led to lifestyle changes.
        
        Change
      - More people traveled
        
        Airplanes Transform Travel
        
        International airlines became an objective after the war.
        
        in 1919, two British pilots made the first successful flight across he Atlantic from Newfoundland to Ireland. In 1927, an American pilot named Charles Lindbergh captured world attention with a 33-hour solo flight from New York to Paris
        
        Amelia Earhard was an American who, in 1093, becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.
        
        Radio and Movies Dominate Popular Entertainment
        
        Guglielmo Marconi conducted his first successful experiments with radio in 1895
        
        Radio and Movies used as Entertainment
        
        In 1920, the worlds first commercial radio station KDKA in Pittsburg PA.
        
        Every major city had stations broadcasting news, plays and even live sporting events. Soon many families owned radios.
        
        Movies
        
        Movies
        
        Social Systems
        
        Mostion pictures were also a major industry in the 1920s.
        
        Many countries,from Cuba to Japan, produced movies. In Europe, film was a serious art form. However, in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, where 90 percent of all times were made, movies were entertainment
        
        In the late 1920's sound was added to movies.
        
        The advances in transportation and communication that followed the war had brought the world in closer touch . Global prosperity came to depend on the eco-nomic well-being of all major nations, especial the United States
        
        Charlie Chaplin was an English-born actor who was considered the king of Hollywood's silent screen
        
        His best work was his portrayal of the lonely little tramp bewildered by life
      - The automobile benefited from a host of wartime innovations and improvements, cars were also made to look nicer.
- - - - used bold colors and distorted or exaggerated forms
    - - Inspired by traditional African art
      - Founded Cubism in 1907
        
        Cubism transformed natural shapes into geometric forms
        
        Objects were broken down into different parts with sharp angels and edges
        
        More about Cubism
    - - an art movement that sought to link the world of dreams with real life
      - Surreal
        
        beyond or above reality
      - Surrealist
        
        Tried to call the unconscious part of their minds
        
        Many of their paintings have a dreamlike quality and depict objects in unrealistic ways
      - How was surrealism connected with Freud’s ideas? Surrealism was inspired by Freud's ideas
  - - - The Rite of Spring
        
        Ballet masterpiece
        
        Used irregular rhythms and dissonances, or harsh combinations of sounds
        
        Listen to the song The Rite of Spring
    - - Austrian composer
      - He rejected traditional harmonies and musical scales
    - - A new popular musical style
        
        It swept the United States and Europe
        
        Seemed to capture the new freedom of the age
      - Emerged in the United States
      - It was developed by musicians
        
        Mainly African Americans
        
        In New Orleans, Memphis, and Chicago
- - - - The women wanted to be more like the men. They wanted the ability of having more rights to do things.
  - - - Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman risked arrest by speaking in favor of birth control
    - - Having the ability to change clothes, it also change their personality. They started to drink and smoke, drive cars, and some of the women were getting the mens jobs.
- - - - People where enjoying the technological improvements in transportation and communication .
        
        Society started to become more open, women demanded more rights, and younger people got new values, but these unconventional styles in literature, philosophy and music reflected different times.
      - CHANGE