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Oxidative Phosphorylation (The proton-motive force (The malate-aspartate…
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Main process that generate ATP for body
Involves transferring of electrons fro NADH or FADH2 to O2
In eukaryotes takes place in mitochondria
similar to citric acid cycle
Mitochondria : outer membrane & inner membrane
△G ° ' = -nF△E'0
The more positive △E'0 the more easier for the oxidant to accept electrons. (good oxidizing agent)
electron flow through the electron-transport chain creates a proton gradient.
Electron-transport chain
Component of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain
NADH-Q oxidoreductase
Succinate-Q reductase
Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
Cytochrome c oxidase
Respiratory chain
Electrons flow from ubiquinol to cytochrome c through Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
The Q cycle funnels electrons from a two-electron carrier to a one-electron carrier and pumps protons
3.Cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to water
The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q oxidoreductase
NADH + Q + 5H+ matrix -> NAD+ +QH2 + 4H+ cytoplasm
Ubiquinol is the entry point for electrons from FADH2 of flavoproteins
The proton-motive force
During the electron flow, protons are pumped from the mitochondria matrix to the outside of the inner mitochondria membrane, create a proton gradient.
A proton gradient powers the synthesis of ATP
ATP synthase is composed of a proton-conducting unit and catalytic unit
Proton flow around the c ring powers ATP synthesis
Proton motion across the membrane drives the rotation of the c ring.
ATP generation
Oxidative phosphorylation
The malate-aspartate shuttle
The entry of ADP into mitochondria is coupled to the exit of ATP
Mitochondria transporters allow metabolite exchange between the cytoplasm and mitochondria
The rate of oxidative phosphorylation is determined by the need for ATP
Regulated uncoupling leads to the generation of heat
Proton gradient is an interconvertible form of free energy