Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Organic chemistry (Different formulas (Displayed formula (The displayed…
Organic chemistry
Different formulas
Displayed formula
The displayed formula of a compound shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, as well as all the bonds
-
-
-
Structural formula
Unlike displayed formulae, structural formulae do not show single bonds, although double and triple bonds mat be shown
Skeletal formula
The skeletal formula of a compound shows the bonds between the carbon atoms, but not the atoms themselves. Hydrogen atoms are also omitted, but other atoms are shown
Naming hydrocarbons
Aliphatic: Carbon atoms are joined together in straight unbranched chains or branched straight chains
-
-
-
-
-
Hydrocarbons
-
They can be saturated which means there are no double bonds or they can be unsaturated which means there is a double bond between 1 or more of these carbon atoms
If the compound is saturated then the name will end in -ane. If the compound id unsaturated the compound name will end in -ene.
Homologous series
There are so many carbon compounds they are organised into 'families' which are groups of carbon compounds with a similar chemical structure
The simplest homologous series is the alkanes which contain single carbon to carbon bonds. eg. Methane, Ethane, Propane.
A homologous series is: A family of compounds with similar chemical properties who's successive members differ with the addition of -CH2- groups
Naming Aliphatic alkanes
- All alkanes have the suffix -ane
- Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (the parent chain
- Identify any side chains from the parent chain. These are called alkyl groups. An alkyl group removes a hydrogen from the parent chain
- Add numbers before an alkyl group to show which carbon the alkyl group is attached to
Why carbon is special
-
This means each carbon atom can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms. These can be single, double or triple bonds
-
Functional groups
A functional group is th part of the molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule's chemical properties
As well as hydrogen carbon can bond to oxygen nitrogen and the halogens. Resulting in the formation of alcohol and amine groups.
-
-
There are over 16,000,000 organic compounds that have been discovered.
