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History of microbiology text (SPONTENEOUS GENERATION (DISAPPROVE…
History of microbiology text
SPONTENEOUS GENERATION
DISAPPROVE
SPONTENEOUS GENERATION
JOHN NEEDHAM(1745)
EXPERIMENT
: CHICKEN BROTH WITH MICROBIAL GROWTH
CLAIMED
THAT THERE WAS "LIFE FORCE" PRESENT IN THE MOLECULES OF ALL INORGANIC MATTER
NEEDHAM'S FINDINGDS
: SEEMED TO SUPPORT THE IDEA OF SPONTENEOUS GENARATION
HE FAILED TO DISAPPROVE THE CONCEPT BECAUSE HE FAILED THE EXPERIMENT BY DIDNT BOIL THE SOUP LONG ENOUGH TO KILL THE MICROBE AND ITS BELIEVE THE MICROBE IS HEAT RESISTANT TYPE OF MICROBE (ENDOSPORES)
LAZZARO SPALLANZI(1765)
CONCLUSION
: SEALED VIALS DID NOT ALLOW ENOUGH AIR FOR ORGANSM TO SURVIVE AND THAT PROLONGED HEATING DESTROYED " LIFE FORCE "
SPONTENEOUS GENERATION REMAINED THE THEORY OF THE TIME
EXPERIMENT
: BOILED SOUP FOR ALMOST AN HOUR LONGER THAN NEEDHAM'S SOUP AND SEALED THE CONTAINERS BY MELTING THE SLENDER NECKS CLOSED.
FRANCESCO REDI(1668)
EXPERIMENT
: FLIES AND WIDE-MOUTH JARS CONTAINING MEAT
HYPHOTHESIS
: ROTTEN MEAN DOES NOT TURN INTO FLIES
REDI'S FINDINGS
: FLASK CLOSED WITH LIDS WAS OBSERVED NO MAGGOTS DEVELOPED ON ROTTING MEAT WITHIN
AND
FLASK WITHOUT LID HAVE MAGGOTS WERE SEEN ON THE ROTTEN MEAT BECAUSE ADULT FLIES PRESENTED.
HE FAILED TO DISAPPROVE THE SPONTENEOUS GENERATION DURING THAT TIME BECAUSE HE CANT PROVE FROM WHERE THE FLIES COME FROM.
DEBATE
HYPHOTHESIS
: LIVING ORGANISM FROM NONLIVING MATTER
(ABIOGENESIS)
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
: LIVING ORGANISM ARISE FROM PREEXISTING LIFE
(BIOGENESIS)
THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
1840S : IGNAZ SEMMELWISE
ADVOCATED HAND WASHING TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF PUERPERAL FEVER FROM ONE OB PATIENT TO ANOTHER
1860S : JOSEPH LISTER
USE CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT TO PREVENT SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION
1865 : LOUIS PASTEUR
SILKWORM DISEASE WAS CAUSED BY A PROTOZOAN
1835 : AGOSTINO BASSI
SILKWORM DISEASE WAS CAUSED BY A FUNGUS
1876 : ROBERT KOCH
PROOF THAT A BACTERIUM CAUSES ANTHRAX
PROVIDED THE EXPERIMENTAL STEPS
KOCH'S POSTULATES : SPECIFIC MICROBES CAUSE A SPECIFIC DISEASE
CELL THEORY
1ST OBSERVATION
RUDOLF VIRCHOW (1858)
CELL ARISE FROM PREEXISTING CELLS
ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK(1673-1723)
CELL IS LIVE MICROORGANISM
ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
IDENTIFY CELL
CELL IS TINY CHAMBER
BIOGENESIS
FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY
HYPHOTHESIS
:: MICROBES COME FROME CELLS OF ORGANISMS ON DUST PARTICLES IN THE AIR , NOT THE AIR ITSELF
CUSTOMISED HIS OWN SPECIAL S-SHAPED FLASK : PASTEUR'S SWAN-NECKED FLASK
SUCCESFULLY DISAPPROVED THE SPONTENEOUS GENERATION
THE FLASK KEPT THE MICROBES OUT BUT LET THE AIR IN.
GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY(1857-1914)
WITH PASTEUR' WORK, RELATIOSHIP BETWEEN MICROBES AND DISEASE , IMMUNITY , AND ANTIMICRIBIAL DRUGS
FERMENTATION
PASTEURIZATION
VACCINATION
FROM VACCA FOR COW
THE PROTECTION IS CALLED IMMUNITY
LOUIS PASTEUR
1796 :EDWARD JENNER INOCULATED A PERSON WITH COWPOX VIRUS.THE PERSON WAS PROTECTED FROM SMALLPOX.