Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 8: Structure of Woody Plants (Vascular Cambium (Arrangement of…
Chapter 8: Structure of Woody Plants
Concepts
primary tissues
primary plant body
epidermis
cortex
vascular bundles
pith
leaves
secondary tissues
plant's secondary body
wood
bark
conducting tissues
bark
Vascular Cambium
Initiation of the Vascular Cambium
vascular cambian
fascicular cambium
interfascicular cambium
Ray Initials
short
cuboidal
similar to fusiform initials
periclinal cell division
Fusiform Initials
long, tapered cells
periclinal wall
anticlinal walls
thin, primary walls
Arrangement of Cambial Cells
storied cambium (horizontal rows)
nonstoried cambium (irregular pattern)
one cell wide (uniseriate)
two cell wide (biseriate)
many cells wide (multiseriate)
Outer Bark
Initiation of Cork Cambia
various timings of initiation
green to tan
young bark differs from old bark
first outer bark
periderm
cuticle
very smooth
outer bark
cork
phloem
Lenticels and Oxygen Diffusion
aerenchymatous cork
oxygen enters
penetrates all layers of bark
Cork and Cork Cambium
phellogen
cork cell (phellem cell)
phelloderm
periderm
outer bark
inner bark
Secondary Xylem (Wood)
Types of Wood Cells
axial system
fusion initial
treachery elements
fibers
hardwoods
softwoods
radial system
ray initial
rays
uniseriate
biseriate
multiseriate
ray parenchyma
upright cells
procumbent cells
ray tracheids
Heartwood and Sapwood
heartwood
dark wood
sapwood
lighter, moister outer region
Growth Rings
early wood
first wood formed
spring wood
late wood
summer wood
annual ring (1 year)
diffuse porous
ring porous
Reaction Wood
upper side of branch
tension wood
growth rings are eccentric
Secondary Phloem
formed from vascular cambium
axial system
responsible for conduction
radial system
Secondary Growth in Roots
ray initials
fusiform initials
roots differ from stems
increased storage capacity
rays become larger
considerable volume
ray parenchyma
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary Growth
roots of sweet potatoes
Ipomoea batatas
storage parenchyma increases
numerous vascular cambia arises
contains hundreds of cambia
secondary tissues
sieve tubes
some vessels
vascular cambium
included phloem
cambium cells
stop dividing
differentiate into xylem
no longer cambium
cells in the outermost
reactivated
differentiate into new vascular cambium
secondary xylem
secondary phloem
secondary growth in monocots
Joshua trees
Yucca
cambium only produces parenchyma
conducting cells are completely absent
secondary vascular bundles
xylem
phloem
dragon trees
Dracaena
cambium only produces parenchyma
conducting cells are completely absent
secondary vascular bundles
xylem
phloem
palms
Unusual Primary Growth
palm trees
trunks do not taper out
do not branch
trunk is all primary tissue
vascular cambium never develops
establishment growth
