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Nebular Theory (Galaxies (Gas and dust (Gas is Hydrogen, Dust particles…
Nebular Theory
Galaxies
Gas and dust
Gas is Hydrogen
Dust particles are rock and ice
Nebula
Gravity pulls cloud together
Forms a disk shape
Gravity pulls material into a sphere
Sphere's core heats up
Fusion begins
Radiation is released
Fusion happens closest to the core
This massive star with fuse atoms together for about 10 million years
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Once fuel is used up, the star will collapse and form a black hole
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Hydrogen fuses to create helium
Helium fuses to heavier elements like iron
Hydrogen acts as a fuel for the star
A massive star is formed!
Materials left over from the star will become planets, comets, asteroids, and smaller stars
Clumps of rock and dust grow bigger
Solar System
Starts as a nebula
Gravity pulls nebula into a disk shape
Matter forms at the center: a star
This star takes most of the material
Material left behind clumps together
These clumps form planets and asteroids
Material orbits the star because of gravity
A Solar System is born!
Eventually, the material will get swallowed by the star when its atmosphere exands
The star will fuse atoms together and create radiation
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Nebula will remain gas and dust for a very long time
For a massive star to form, the nebula will collapse in about 100,000 years
For a star about the size of our Sun, nebula will collapse in about 10,000,000 years
Also called a star nersury
Gas and dust
Hydrogen
Simplest atom; atomic number: 1
Hydrogen fuses together to create lots of elements
He
NH2
H2O
Rock and ice
Stars
Less massive stars
Our Sun
Fuses hydrogen into helium
Hydrogen will run out and the stars atmosphere will expand, and then gravity will win. This star will become a white dwarf
Our Sun will live for about ten billion yeras
Yellow main sequence star
Energy from fusion pushes back on gravity with the same amount of force
White Dwarf
Starts as a nebula
Gravity pulls cloud together to form a star
Fusion of hydrogen to helium
Fusion happens close to the star's core where the heat is
Fusion of hydrogen happens for millions of years
If the star is hot enough fusion of helium will begin, but this star won't fuse anything heavier than helium
Once the star is out of hydrogen, the atmosphere will expand.
Expands because of the energy being released in the form of radiation
Gravity will pull atmosphere and it will disappear
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The mass of this star is about the same as our Sun
Cloud of gas and dust
Gravity pulls it into a disk shape
Called a nebula
Black Dwarf
Starts as a nebula of gas and dust
Gravity pulls the nebula into a disk shape
Fusion of hydrogen starts
The energy from the fused hydrogen pushes against gravity
Hydrogen will run out and the star's atmosphere will expand
The atmosphere collapses
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The star will have the same mass; just be a different size
The star will remain the same size until the hydrogen is used
Hydrogen is fused closest to the core
The disk spins until a star is formed
The classificatoin of the star depends on the elements it can fuse
Also called a star nursery
Massive stars
Start as a cloud of gas and dust
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Forms a disk shape
Gravity pulls it together
A star is formed!
Fusion of hydrogen to helium
Energy from fused hydrogen pushes against gravity
Helium fuses to carbon
Carbon fuses to heavier elements until it reaches iron
Star expands because of the energy being released: Red Super Giant!
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This is called radiation
Star remains the same size
Core heats up
Nebula
Star nursery