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Nebular Theory (Solar System (Outer planets (Uranus (Time on Uranus (1…
Nebular Theory
Solar System
Dust in the outer parts of disk clumps.
forming planets and moons forming a solar system
These clumps with their gravity pulls these clumps together
Outer planets
Saturn
Average temp. -180°C(-292°F)
Has 53 confirmed moons and 8 unconfirmed🌕
Rings are made of dust, rocks, and ice
Time on Saturn
1 year= 29.46 Earth years
1 day= 10.66 Earth hours
Distance from the sun is 9.54 AU
Uranus
The methane atmosphere gives it a blue green appearance
Time on Uranus
1 year= 84 Earth years
1 day= 17.24 Earth hours
Has 27 moons🌕
Average temp. -218°C(-346°F)
Distance from the sun 19.18 AU
Rotates Sideways
Neptune
Time on Neptune
1 Year= 686.98 Earth days
1 day= 24.62 Earth days
Dark spots or ovals are massive storms 🌩⛈
Has 13 confirmed moons and 1 unconfirmed🌕
Average temp. -220°C(-346°F)
Distance from the sun is 30.06 AU
Made out of gasses and liquids.
Called Gas Giants
All outer planets have rings around them
The outer planets are much larger than the inner planets
They have longer orbits
The outer planets spin faster
Jupiter
Largest planet
Big enough to hold 1300 Earth's
53 confirmed moons 1 unconfirmed 🌕
Red spot is a massive hurricane twice the size of Earth
Average temp. -120°C(-184°F)
Time on Jupiter
1 year= 11.86 Earth years
1 day= 9.92 Earth hours
Distance from the sun is 5.2 AU
Inner planets
Earth
Has liquid water
Average temp. 20°C (68°)
Contains life 👩
Distance from the sun 1 AU
Has one moon🌕
Venus
Average temp. 460°C(860°F)
Atmosphere pressure is 90x of Earth's pressure of the surface 1348 PSI
No moon
Time on Venus
1 day= 243 Earth days
1 year= 224.7 Earth days
Has a very strong greenhouse effect
Distance from the sun is 0.72 AU
Mars
Average temp.-23°C (-9°F)
1/2 the size of Earth
Has two moons: Phobos and Deimos
Has the Largest volcano in the solar system:Olympus Mons
Time on Mars
1 day=24.62 Earth days
1 year= 24.62 Earth days
Distance from the sun is 1.52 AU
Mercury
No moon
Closet to the sun
Smallest Planet
Time on Mercury
1 year= 88 Earth days
1 day= 58.6 Earth days
Almost no atmosphere
Temperature on Mercury
Day temp. 427°C(801°F)
Night temp. -183°C(-297°F)
Distance from the sun is 0.39 AU
Inner planets are closest to the sun.
Inner planets have a shorter orbit and spin more slowly around the sun
They are made of cooled igneous rock with and iron cores
None of the inner planets have rings and are significantly smaller than the outer planets
Stars :star:
Low mass Stars
Cooler
dimmer
long life
High mass stars
Brighter
Hotter
Short life
10x bigger than our sun
Life of a star
Small star
Red Giant
The star then fuses helium into heavier elements like carbon and oxygen
The stars outer layer spreads out and cools
A small star turns into a Red giant after the small star uses up it's hydrogen
It turns into a cooler larger star that is the color red.
White Dwarf
A star turns into a white dwarf after it runs out of helium to fuse
The star will try to fuse carbon into a heavier element but it will fail
The gas will expand away and leave behind a hot glowing carbon core called a white dwarf
A small/ average star (like our sun) fuses Hydrogen into Helium and releases energy (radiation).
Black Dwarf
A white dwarf becomes a a black dwarf when it runs out of its remaining energy.
The white dwarf looses its brightness and becomes a black star.
Massive stars
Red Super Giant
A massive star turns into a red super giant when it runs out hydrogen
The star will expand and will make all kinds of elements until it forms iron
Super Nova
When the star only has Iron left gravity will cause it to collaps
The pressure will cause the star to explode :explode:
Massive stars are 10 times or more massive than our our sun. They fuse hydrogen into helium
After the super Nova the star basically has two choices to become a......
Neutron Star
After a super nova it will become a neutron star if the core is 4x the mass of our sun
A neutron star is a very small but densestar that typically has a 18 in radius
Black hole
when this happens the core will collapse into a black hole
After a super nova it will become a black hole if the core is 5x the mass of our sun
A black hole is not a hole in space it is a dense core that use to be a massive star
It's gravity is so strong that even light can't escape its pull
Galaxies
Nebula
Other heavier elements are in from the remains of collapse stars
A cloud of hydrogen and helium left over from the big bang
Gravity
Gravity pulls gas and dust together.
As gravity continues to do this the material becomes more dense
The pressure and temperature increase
When temperature increase the center becomes hot enough for nuclear fusion begins and a star is born
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Dust in the outer parts of disk clumps together
Large clumps attracted other clumps with their gravity
Eventually these clumps form into planets and moons forming a solar system
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the nebula shrinks and begins to rotate and form into a disk shape.
