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Biomass and Bioenergy (Biomass: All organic material (e.g. plant material)…
Biomass and Bioenergy
Biomass: All organic material (e.g. plant material), either direct product of photosynth (plant) or indirect (animal mass from consumption of plant matter
Bioenergy: Energy derived from organic materials. Can be burned directly or converted to biofuels - can be considered as releasing solar energy stored in OM, replenished by photosynth.
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chemical store of energy, the combustion of which shouldn’t generate any more heat or CO2 that would have occurred by natural decay processes.
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Using Waste
Animal sources: manure, sewage, sludge
Wood waste – Forest management produces a lot of waste wood – forestry residue produces 6% of Austria’s generating capacity. Look up
Temperate crop waste: Wheat and maize – main global crops produce 1 billion tones of waste per year – basis for thermal energy treatment.
Municipal solid waste – households produce more than 1 tonne of solid waste per year which contains about 9GJ of energy – approximates to 10% of household consumption.
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Biofuel
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Bioethanol
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Sugar can be directly fermented by yeast or bacteria which reduce the carbohydrate to ethanol and produce CO2
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Amount of ethanol that can be produced on ag land is only a fraction of current fuel requirements. Too expensive to produce from lignocellulosic plants currently
Cellulosic feedstock
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hemicellulose (interlinks cellulose, mainly 5-sugar xylose)
ideally we would like a plant that can grow on marginal land. Cellulose-based plants such as grass could provide this feedstock.
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Biodiesel
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Triglycerides reacted w methanol, w catalyst produced biodiesel and glycerin
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Microalgae - look up - monocellular, thought could substitute for oil and petrol bc high in fats
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Lignocellulosic biomass
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Currently not enough to be viable solution. If used efficiently would only comprise tiny amount of energy production
Requires use of enzymes, too expensive currently
If technology were improved, could be good contributor to energy needs. Not enough motivation currently, FFs too cheap.
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Biomass Production
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Simple sugars: Glucose (C6H12O6) most common, e.g. in sugarbeet
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A more compact form of storage is afforded by further reducing the sugars to form fatty acids, with highly reduced C chains
The transformation of carbohydrate to fatty acid occurs when certain plants, e.g. olives, ripen.
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