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Nebular theory (Solar system (inner planets # (four closest planets to the…

- - - - short orbits around the sun
        
        spin more slowly
        
        made of cooled igneous
        
        mercerury
        
        smallest planet
        
        no moon
        
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        venus
        
        very thick atmosphere
        
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      - earth
        
        one moon
        
        contains life
        
        has liquid water
        
        average temperatures twenty degrees celcius
        
        distance from sun is 1 AU
      - mars
        
        has a thick CO2 atmosphere
        
        2 moons
        
        half the size of earth
        
        largest volcano in the solar system
        
        Phobes and Deimos
  - - - jupiter
        
        average temperatures is -120 degrees Celsius
        
        largest planet
        
        big enough to hold 1300 earth's
        
        red spot is a hurricane twice size of earth
        
        53 confirmed moons, 16 uncomfirmed
        
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      - saturn
        
        average temperatures is -180 degrees celcius
        
        53 confirmed moons and 8 unconfirmed
        
        rings are dust, rock, and ice
        
        one day is 10.66 earth hours
        
        one year equals 29.46 earth years
        
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      - uranus
        
        average temperature is -210 degrees celcius
        
        one day equals 17.24 earth hours
        
        one year equals 84 earth years
        
        distance from sun is 19.18 AU
        
        rotates sideways
        
        has 27 moons
        
        methane atmosphere give appearance of blue-green
      - neptune
        
        average temperature is -220 degrees celcius
        
        13 confirmed moons and 1 unconfirmed
        
        dark spot or ovals are massive storms
        
        one day equals 24.62 earth days
        
        one year equals 686.98 earth days
        
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- - - - a star forms
        
        more gas continues to accumulate and the materials become more dense.
        
        pressure and temperatures increase
        
        when temperatures become hot enough nuclear fusion begins and a star is formed
        
        dust clumps together to form larger clumps and the larger clumps attract other clumps with their gravity and eventually these clumps form planets and moons
        
        small star fuses hydrogen into helium and releases energy (radiation)
        
        the mass on a sequence star determines how hot it is
        
        how bright it is
        
        how big it is
        
        and how long it will exist
        
        stars with more mass are hotter and brighter but have short lives
        
        red giant
        
        a red giant is a star that uses up its hydrogen and fuses helium into heavier elements like carbon and oxygen
        
        the stars outer layer spreads out and cools
        
        the result is a cooler larger star that is red in color
        
        white dwarfs
        
        after a star runs out of helium the star will try to combine carbon into heavier elements
        
        the star will fail
        
        the gas expands away from the star and leaves behind a hot glowing carbon core called a white dwarf
        
        black dwarfs
        
        when the white dwarf runs out of its remaining energy it loses its brightness and becomes a black dwarf
    - - when the star only has iron left, gravity will collapse the star until it explodes from pressure
      - neutron star
        
        after supernova explosion, the stars core remains.
        
        if the core is four times the mass of the sun, the star becomes a neutron star.
        
        this star is very small
        
        the radius is typically eighteen miles and is very dense
        
        composed mostly of pulled neutrons
        
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      - black hole
        
        if core from a supernova is more than five times the mass of the sun, then the core will collapse into a black hole
        
        a black hole is not a hole in space
        
        it is a tremendously dense core of what was once a super nova star
        
        it's gravity is so strong that light cant escape it.