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The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis in Germany (Hitler Youth (Battle for the…
The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis in Germany
Adolf Hitler
Brannau Austria 1889, 1907 Vienna, sold art, anti-semitism
German army, two Iron Crosses, government stabbed army in back following war ending
Birth of the Nazi Party
joined poor political party, Nationalist Socialist Workers party (NAZI)
swastika, SS bodyguards, SA Ernst Rohm attacked enemies
Weimar Republic
Kaiser fled 1918, republic , blamed for Treaty
reparations, led to inflation, lost entire savings
Mein Kampf
8 November 1923 putsch in Munich, failed, arrested
Aryan race, Herrenvolk (master race)
all German speakers united, communism evil
Jews led to loss of WWI
Rise of the Nazis
Weimar Republic failed, Nazi increased, SA - Ernst Rohm, SS - Heinrich Himmler attacked enemies
Dictatorship
took control of police force, Dutch Communist set fire to Reichstag, banned communism
Enabling Law 1933, rule by decree
Knight of Long Knives 30 June 1934, SA leader killed, SA loyalty to Rohm
Hindenburg death, combined roles to make Fuhrer
1933 failed to gain presidency, Hindenburg gave him Chancellorship
Propaganda
Josef Goebbels, controlled media outlets, large rallies at Nuremberg
Terror
Gestapo - secret police, Himmler
Concentration camps, Dachau Munich, stepped out of line sent here
SS - Order of the Death's Head
Economy
Autarky - self sufficient
I.G. Farben, funding, Xylon-B Gas, largest financier
full employment 1939
public work schemes autobahns, army increased, invade oil rich countires
special allowances to married women with children to encourage them to stay at home
Hitler Youth
Battle for the mind starts in the cradle / indoctrination
Boys 10 years, Jungvolk / Girls Jungmadelbund
14 years, Hitler Youth, pride, dagger Blood and Honour, military drills, heavy packs, easier to enter jobs
League of German Maidens (BDM) good future mothers
core subjects history, biology and sport, boys science, girls sewing
Teachers were Nazis taught Aryan Race
The Holocaust
mass murder of Jews, Jews lived in Ghettos
1942 final solution, SS Adolf Eichmann occupied territory extermination concentration camps
Auschwitz-Birkenau, Sobibor, Treblinka, young and weak killed instantly, worked until weakened until death
1945 2/3 European Jews had been killed by Nazis
Jewish Person in Nazi Germany 1933 - 1939
April 1933 boycott of Jewish shops, Germans told not to do business here, driven from civil service and teaching
Nuremberg Laws for the protection of German blood and honour 1935, illegal to marry a Jew, death penalty
Star of David, 1937 unable to enter public parks, benches, cinema, theatre pets
1938 Jew shot German diplomat, night of violence, 9 Nov 1938, Kristallnach (broken glass)
synagogues burned, windows of Jews broken, 1939 360,000 / 500 000 left Germany