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Urinary System (Bladder (Cystitis (symptoms (frequent urination, dysuria,…
Urinary System
Bladder
Cystitis
inflammation of bladder
caused by pathogens entering the urinary system
symptoms
frequent urination, dysuria, a burning sensation during urination, hematuria, lower back pain, bladder spasms and a fever
treatment
antibiotics and increase fluid intake
muscular sac that lies behind the symphysis pubis at the midline
lined with mucous membrane in folds called rugae
3 layers of visceral muscle
function
steves the urine until it is eliminated from the body
urge to void
(urinate, micturate) occurs when the bladder contains about 250 ml or cc's or 1 cup
Circular shinoter muscles contral the opening of the bladder to prevent it from emptying
infants cannot control this sphinoter
Kidney
bean-shaped organ
located on either side of the vertebral column, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity
protected by the ribs and a heavy cushion on fat
consists of:
cortex
outer portion
most nephrons are here
medulla
inner section of kidney
hilum
indented area where nerves, ureter, blood and lymph vessels leave & enter the kidney
nephrons
These are microscopic filter units located in the kidneys.
Over 1 million nephrons per kidney
diseases
glomerulonephritis or nephritis
symptoms
chills, fever, fatigue, edema, oliguira, hematuria, albuminuria
treatment
rest, restriction of salt, maintenance of fluid, electrolyte balance, antipyretics, diuretics at the same time of antibiotics
inflammation of the kidney's glomerulus
repeated attacks can lead to chronic glomerulamephritis which causes scarring and scleroing of the glomeruli
pyelonephritis
symptoms
Chills, fever, back pain, fatigued, dysuria, hematuris, pyuria
treatment
antibiotics and increased fluid intake
Inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis usually caused by pus forming bacteria
kidney failure
symptoms
oliguria, anuria, headache, ammonia odor to breath, edema, cardiac arrhythmia, & uremia
treatment
dialysis, restrict of fluid intake, correction of the condition that causes
kidney stops functioning
acute renal failure- caused by shock, hemorrhage, injury, poisoning, dehydration, or nephritis
chronic renal failure
caused by glomerulnephritis, hypertension, toxins, endocrine diseases(diabetes), long term substance abuse, alcoholism
progressive loss of kidney function
symptoms
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased mental ability, convulsions, muscle irritability, an ammonia odor to breath, uremic frost (crystals on the skin), coma and death
treatment
dialysis, diet modifications & restrictions, careful skin + mouth care, control of fluid intake, kidney transplant
uremia
toxic condition that occurs when kidneys fail and urinary waste products are present in bloodstrem
symptoms
headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, death, ammonia odor to breath, oliguria and anuria, mental confusion, convulsions
treatment
restriction diet, cardiac medications, cardiac output, dialysis until kidney transplant
Urine
liquid waste product
kidney stones
treatment
increase fluids, provide pain medications, straining all urine
symptoms
sudden pain, intense hematuria, nausea, vomiting, frequent urge to urinate, urinary retention
formed when salts in the urine precipitate
1500-2000 ml produced daily
waste products
urea, uric acid, creatinine, mineral salts, various pigments
types of urination/urine
nocturia
urination at night
dysuria
pain while urinating
pyuria
pus in urine, from bacteria
retention
inability to empty bladder
hematuria
blood in the urine
incontenence
involuntary urinantion
anuria
absence of urination
proteinuria
Protein in the urine
oliguria
below normal amounts of urination
albuminuria
Albumin in the urine
polyuria
excessive urination
Urethra
urethritis
symptoms
frequent and painful urination, redness and itching at the urinary meatus, pus drainage/ discharge
treatment
sitz bath, warm moist compress, antibiotics, &/ or increase fluid intake
inflammation of urethra
carries urine from the bladder to the outside
Females tube is about 1.5 inches open in front of the vagina and only carries urine
Male tube is 8 inches, passes through a prostate gland and out the penis. It not only carries urine but semen as well and not at the same time
Ureters
muscular tubes about 10-12 inches long
peristalsis moves urine through tube to bladder
wavelike motion
Siliva: green Hailey: pink Shelby: blue
