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the global commons (what are global commons? (high seas and deep oceans…

- - - - Weddell Sea and Ross Sea ice shelves have retreated
      - Adelie penguin numbers have depleted as they're adapted to the ice, which is now melting
      - krill depend on the environment provided by sea ice, declined by around 80% since 1970
      - global sea levels have risen by 3mm since the 1990's, which makes ice shelves unstable and causes melting
    - - in 2013 over 200,000 tonnes of antarctic krill were fished
      - have fishing quotas, but these are often ignored
      - whales are slow breeders so it take a long time to recover from whaling
    - - believed to be lots of rich minerals beneath the ice caps
      - mining is banned
      - meant to be rich in coal and iron ore
    - - increases shipping and air travel to Antarctica can cause fuel spills
      - non-native species may be introduced
      - waste from scientific facilities and tourism