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Mens Rea (Introduction (Basic Information (the mental element of any crime…

- - - - D has direct intent, which is the necessary MR for specific intent offences and also sufficient for basic intent offences
    - - Did D foresee a consequence as virtually certain?
        
        Yes:
        
        This is evidence from which a jury may find that D had oblique intent
        
        No:
        
        Did D foresee a consequence as probable or possible?
        
        Yes:
        
        D has been subjectively reckless - this is the minimum MR for basic intent offences
        
        No:
        
        Should D have foreseen a consequence?
        
        Yes:
        
        1 more item...
        
        No:
        
        1 more item...
- - - - 'being aware' blurs intention and recklessness
      - 'ordinary course of events' does not cover situations where D is not sure that his first aim will be achieved, let alone secondary outcomes
      - someone could be held to have intended a result, even though they were trying to prevent harm
      - in response to the criticisms, they came up with a new definition in :black_flag: Offences Against the Person and General Principles Act 1993: intention should be as follows...
        
        it is his purpose to cause it, or (direct)
        
        although it is not his purpose to cause it he knows that it would occur in the ordinary course of events if he were to succeed in his purpose of causing some other result