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UNIT 4 MUSIC & EMOTIONS (Haydn’s Symphonies (London Symphonie…

- - - - Three sections: Fast – Slow – Fast
        
        Eventually separate movements
        
        Dance movement (minuet) added
      - Scarlatti Italian Overture
      - Fast-Slow-Fast
  - - - Strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion
      - 30–40 players
- - - - Accents
      - Syncopation
      - Sudden crescendos
  - - - One of the twelve “London”symphonies
        
        Highly imaginative, innovative
      - "Military” nickname from use of Turkish percussion & trumpet fanfare
    - - Contrasts
      - Daring modulations
      - Trumpet fanfare
      - Turkish military music
        
        Cymbals
        
        Bass drum
        
        Triangle
        
        Bell Tree
- - - - Early decades of 1800s
      - Beethoven
    - - Eternal longing, indefinable discontent
    - - Worlds of strangeness and wonder
  - - - Transfer of power to the middle class
    - - Urbanization
  - - - God and nature
      - Destiny
      - Life and Death
      - Dreams and passions
      - Good versus evil
- - - - Programmatic:
        
        Many thought program music was a step backward from the potential of music to express things beyond words
      - Absolute:
        
        Proponents of absolute music relied on structures of sound for expression
    - - Form was the most important organizing element
      - With this genre no programmatic thought process
  - - - Hungarian Dances
    - - Remained close to the Schumann family
    - - Aimed to show new and important things
      - Romantic in tone, Classical in form
      - Written 1883, at the age of fifty
      - Three-Note Motive Throughout ENTIRE Symphony
        
        F Ab F “Frei aber froh” (Free but happy)
        
        Cyclical
      - Still in the tradition of the Classical masters
  - - - C minor
      - Chromatic- middle section
      - Alternates between Major & minor
    - - 3 against 2 rhythm patterns
    - - Melancholy
      - Waltz-like
- - - - Home and concert hall
      - Staple of refined education
    - - Function was to dazzle audiences
    - - Metal frame, increased string tension
      - Improved mechanical action, extended range
      - Factory-made, standardization, affordability
  - - - études (highly virtuosic study pieces)
      - Character pieces:
        
        Nocturnes, preludes, and dances
    - - Short
      - Projects melodious and dramatic moods within a compact form
      - Solo piano equivalent to the song
      - Sometimes fanciful titles- ex. Little Bell, Forest Murmurs
    - - Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms
  - - - French father, Polish mother
    - - Social circle of famous French composers, writers, and artists
    - - "Everything must be made to sing”
    - - Polish roots exhibited in his mazurkas and polonaises
        
        A mazurka was a lively triple-meter dance with an accent on the second or third beat of the measure
      - Mazurka in B-flat Minor, Op. 24, No. 4
        
        Chromatic, wide-ranges
        
        Dance-like triple meter
        
        1833
        
        Expressive depth, rubato
        
        Form: A-B-A’-B-A’-C-C-D-A long coda
    - - Heroic or Drum Polonaise
      - Dance of Polish origin
        
        Carnival parties
        
        1st dance at “prom”- party before exams
      - Form: Ternary and Rondo
      - Wide Range of Keyboard
      - Trills
      - Dedicated to friend/banker: AugusteLeo
- - - - allegretto; A-B-A' form, C major
      - Moderato, minuet and trio, G major
      - adagio-allegro; sonata-allegro from, G major
      - Presto; sonata-allegro form, G major
    - - a= elegant, arched theme with grace note; eight measures with string and flute
        
        repeated with oboes, clarinets, bassoons
    - - b+a phrases repeated with oboes, clarinets and bassoons
- - - - Andante; modified sonata form, C major
      - Poco allegretto; A-B-A form C minor
      - allegro con brio; sonata-allegro, F major
      - Allegro; sonata-allegro, F major