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3 Prenatal Development (environmental influences (drugs (heroin and…
3 Prenatal Development
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newly fertilized egg, get nourished by the yolk of the ovum until they become implanted in the wall of the uterus
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placenta functions
the membrane permits oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide to reach the
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environmental influences
maternal nutrition influence the fetus. follow food elements to maintain their health and to give birth to a healthy baby.
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teratogens -environmental agents that can harm the embryo as better describe : giving birth to monsters.
critical periods , like 3-5 weeks where the heart develops.
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drugs
accurate, vitamin A , associated with abnormalities.
thalidomide, treatment insomnia and nausea. fetus can be missing limbs.
hormones, treat bacterial infections can lead to yellowed teeth and bone abnormalities.
progestin, maintain pregnancy and can cause masculinization of the fetus
DES , linked to cancer in the reproductive organs.
vitamins, high does of vitamin A and D have been associated with central nervous system damage, small head and heart defects.
heroin and methadone
maternal addiction to them is linked to birth weight, prematurity and toxemia. kids also have behavioral defects
babies born addicted will be given narcotics so they do not suffer form extreme withdrawal symptoms.
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cocaine
still birth, low birth weight, and birth defects
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caffeine
inconsistent findings, miscarriages or low birth weight
cigaretters
cognitive and behavioral problems, impaired motor development, learning disabilities
environmental hazards
heavy metal, like lead, mercury , cadmium, selenium and zinc
maternal stress
decreased the growth of the placenta, low birth weight, prematurity, and miscarriages
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