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Chapter 7: Roots (Other Types of Roots and Root Modifications (Root…
Chapter 7: Roots
Other Types of Roots and Root Modifications
Contractile Roots
Wrinkly
Mycorrhizae
symbiotic relationship with soil fungi
ectomycorrhizal relationship
endomycorrhizal association
Aerial Roots of Orchids
epiphytic
Attached to branches
adapted to drought conditions
Root epidermis
velamen
Root Nodules and Nitrogen Fixation
Lack of nitrogen in the soil
Main growth-limiting factor
conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds
symbiotic relationship
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
root nodule
Simple or Complex
Prop Roots
Roots can grow through the air
20 to 50 cm long exposed roots
buttress roots
Tall and plate-like
Haustorial Roots of Parasitic Flowering Plans
haustoria
roots of parasitic plants
many parasites attack only the xylem
Storage Roots
Carbohydrates
Roots of Strangler Figs
Roots cling to bark
grow rapidly downward
Hugging the trunk
Internal Structure of Roots
Zone of Elongation
Zone of Maturation/Root Hair Zone
Root hairs grow outward
endodermis
Casparian strips
Root Apical Meristem
quiescent center
Mature Portions of the Root
Passage cells
Root pressure
Root Cap
External Structures of Roots
Organization of Root Systems
Radicle
Branch roots
Lateral roots
Fibrous root system
adventitious roots
Embryonic root
Radicle
Taproot
Structure of Individual Roots
Simple
No leaves
No leaf scars
No leaf axils
No axillary buds
Origin and Development of Lateral Roots
pericycle
protoxylem
protophloem
