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Classical Period (Harmony (Often simple - using only primary triads or a…
Classical Period
Harmony
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Conclusions to sections or movements were often distinctly marked by an obvious cadence that could be extended, unlike music in the Baroque Period
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Chord progressions using the circle of fifths were still used, but not as much as Baroque Period music
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Pitch
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Piano melodies were usually accompanied with an Alberti Bass, which was the breaking up of the accompanying chord and using the notes to create a repetitive pattern
Simple melodies, also lyrical and folk-like, which were immediately understood and easily remembered
Most pieces spanned several themes, instead of a repetitive and sequenced melody
Melodies were often expanded expressively through the use of ornamentation of appoggiaturas, trills and turns
Timbre
Melody was given to upper strings (violins, violas), and the lower strings (cello, bass) accompanied
Woodwind became emergent, and frequently alternated melodies with the strings to contrast the timbre
Doubling of a melody played in the upper strings by woodwind instruments one octave above and/or below was used to strengthen the melody and vary the tone colour
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Trumpets were also used for rhythmic strength; adding emphasis at important moments such as cadence points rather than playing melodies
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Duration
Use of contrasting phrases, melodies and sections to create different moods which meant that a wide variety of rhythms were used throughout the whole composition/movement
In contrast with Baroque Period, which only a small group of rhythmic values were implemented consistenly
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Rests separated melodies, and created silence, which was frequently incorporated to differentiate musical ideologies and to create unexpected events
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Dynamics
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Markings reflected the composers (dominantly Beethoven) initiative for control over how the performance should sound
Mood
Use of contrasting phrases, melodies and sections to create different moods
Different moods were created through structures such as sonata form (exposition, development, recapitulation, and concludes with a coda)
Trumpets and timpani were often used together in music which conveyed the mood of a celebration or fanfare