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Chapter 26: Community Ecology (Interconnectedness of Species (trophic…
Chapter 26: Community Ecology
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
species-area relationship
S=cA^z
community ecology
compares diversity
Scales
local
region
biome
biographical region
species-abundance distribution
Diversity and Latitude
varies with scale
latitude diversity gradient
Predator-Prey Interactions
One predator/one prey
functional response
feeding rate
handling time
prey-dependent
faster feeding rate
prey density
zero growth isocline
line indicating pop stability
effect of prey density on preditors pop
paradox of enrichment
species lost
eutrp[jocatopm
maximum sustained yield
species pop remain stable
inflection point where growth changes
fixed quota harvesting
fishing
hunting
quota set by government
Selection among multiple prey
optimal foraging theory
examines interactions between factors
optimal diet model
explotation competition
consume shared resource
less available
interference competition
restricts another's resource
bracken ferns
resource
light
water
minerals
pollinators
invasive
increase from low pop
competitor present
Apparent Competition
shared predator
increase in one species while decrease in others
Beneficial Interactions
mutalism
both benefit
facilitation
One helps another w/o benefit
beavers/dams
nurse plants
primary succession
organisms become established
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
composed of many discrete patches
source habitat
sink habitat
Patches occupied or not by the species
preditors
competition
disturbances
Empty patches will become colonized
migration
Populations have probability of extinction
fugitive species
survives by colonizing new patches
assisted dispersal
Interconnectedness of Species
food chain
direct line of consumption
food web
network of interrelationships
energy flow web
keystone species
trophic levels
primary producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
Community
Climax community
Remains the same
Stability returns
Succession
Each new group alters
predictable sequence
Community restoration
reintroducing species
encouraging migration
Habitat loss/fragmentation
damage done
mining
cities
farming
