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Factors Affecting Performance (How does training effect performance? (1.…
Factors Affecting Performance
How does training effect performance?
1. energy systems
-alactacid system (ATP/PC)
anaerobic activity- type of exercise is high intensity activity of short duration, cannot breath comfortably with lack of oxygen.
breakdown of muscle glycogen to produce ATP- glycogen is longer lasting source of ATP
fats are the second source of fuel, once glycogen runs out, body automatically switches to fat breaking down in order to keep producing energy (ATP) for muscle contraction.
fats are only used for aerobic activity - low intensity and long duration
Efficiency of ATP production
:
The ATP is available but the amount is very limited and can only generate energy for short bursts/periods of time.
There is only enough ATP for one explosive moment/short burst i.e. 100m sprint or shot put
Duration that the system can operate:
1-2 seconds on ATP and operates for 10-15 seconds on creatine phosphate (CP).
Source of fuel
:
For the first 1-2 seconds the ATP/PC system uses 90 grams of ATP. After this, it begins to rely on phosphocreatine for the next 10-15 seconds.
Source of fuel:
For the first 1-2 seconds the ATP/PC system uses 90 grams of ATP. After this, it begins to rely on phosphocreatine for the next 10-15 seconds.
Cause of fatigue:
When there is a depletion of phosphocreatine in the body.
By-products of energy production:
Heat is the only by-product occurring during muscle contraction.
Process and rate of recovery:
Phosphocreatine stores must be resynthesised to allow for recovery and this takes around 30seconds-2 minutes.
-lactate acid system (anaerobic glycolysis)
helps performance during intense exercise
Steps of the anaerobic glycotic system
Source of fuel:
Glucose in the blood and glycogen stores.
Efficiency of ATP production:
Very efficient in its ATP production and can provide it very quickly.
But requires large amounts of glucose to do so.
I.e. 180g of glycogen is equal to 3 moles of ATP.
Duration that the system can operate:
Only lasts 30seconds to 3minutes.
Cause of fatigue:
A build up of lactic acid in the muscle cells and blood which occurs at the lactate thresholds. - burning sensation
Preventing the muscle fibres from contracting.
H+ ions (hydrogen) also cause fatigue.
Training will prolong fatigue and increase lactic acid tolerance/rate of removal.
By-products of energy production
:
Pyruvic acid which is converted to lactic acid
Process and rate of recovery:
30 minutes to 1 hour as the liver converts lactic acid into glycogen.
-aerobic energy system
Duration that the system can operate:
3+ minutes – 24 hours
Cause of fatigue:
It shifts from glycogen to fats as the source of fuel (hitting the wall).
Fats require more oxygen to metabolize which increases body temperature and breathing levels.
Efficiency of ATP production:
The most efficient system in producing ATP.
The ATP is produced at a slower rate but can last a longer period of time.
I.e. 180g of glycogen to 39 moles of ATP.
Whilst, the lactic acid system only does 3 moles with 180g of glycogen.
By-products of energy production:
Carbon dioxide (which is exhaled) and water which is released by the cells i.e. perspiration/sweating.
Source of fuel:
1st – Carbohydrates
2nd – Fats (when carbohydrate stores are depleted) at which it may also use protein.
Carbohydrates may also be used again at the end glycogen sparing
Process and rate of recovery:
If the system was only used for a short period of time, the recovery would be short- as not all glycogen stores have been utilised.
But if the system was used for hours, glycogen stores would be depleted and recovery can take days.
Recovery time: 24-48 hours – restoration of fuel and removal of wastes.
2.