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soil problems and management (Soil erosion (Reduces fertility of soil…
soil problems and management
Soil erosion
Reduces fertility of soil
Leads to
Loss of seeds, fertiliser, pesticides
Young plants get sand blasted
Young plants get sand blasted
Damage to rivers and lakes through chemical loading
Controlled by; water
Installing field drains and ditches
Use of manure to stabalise soil
Use of cover crops
Controlled by; wind
Increase soil cohesion with manure
increase plants cover to decrease wind speeds
Plant trees and hedgerows to reduce wind speeds
Removes nutrient rich top soil
Reduces depth of soil for roots
Waterlogging
When pore spaces are occupied by water rather than air causing anaerobic condition for plants
Caused when precipitation, irrigation or flood water exceed combination of evaotranspiration and percolation
Inhibits productivity
Lowers soil temp which decreases yield
Controlled by;
Drainage channels
Timely cultivation (allowing plants to mature)
Tolerant crops
Salinisation
Accumulation of salt within soil
Caused by
Low rainfall combined with high temperatures= high evaporation
Over abstraction of ground water
Leads to;
decrease in productivity
Decrease in osmotic potential= less photosynthesis
Controlled by;
Flushing the soil with water
Structural deterioration
Change in the soil structure over a period of time
Caused by;
Over grazing
Harvesting
Soil compaction
Use of heavy machinery
Prolonged working
Leads to;
Removes pores in the soil which decreases respiration
Controlled by;
Avoid use of heavy machinery
Increase vegitation cover causing more organic matter to be produced opening up pores