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Genetics (Mutations dna_mutations_point_mutation_yourgenome (Types of…
Genetics
Mutations
Effects of Mutations
nature, position, extent
may or may not have an effect
Somatic Mutations
never lead to sex cells
never result in altered phenotype
Causes of Mutations
mutagen
man made chemicals
increasing in our environment
nitrous acid
reacts with cytosine
converts to uracil
giving DNA G-U base pair
DNA Repair Processes
neither too efficient
or too ineffective
Types of Mutations
inversion
insertion
enzymes cut and rejoin DNA
deletion
self-complementary
Monohybrid Crosses
Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance
dominant
recessive
Test Crosses
complete dominance
Test cross
Pure-bred lines
Crossing Heterozygotes with Themselves
selfing
a plants own pollen
used to fertilize its own eggs
punnett square
Multiple Alleles
Monohybrid Crosses with Incomplete Dominance
parental generation
parent
first offspring
F1
after that F2
homozygous
2 identical allels
heterozygous
2 diff. allels
Dihybrid Crosses
Genes on the same Chromosome: Linkage
Genes on Separate Chromosomes:Independent Assortment
alleles of one gene
move independently
Crossing-Over
Other Aspects of Inheritance
Lethal Alleles
lethal
kills
difficult to detect
Multiple Sets of Chromosomes and Gene Families
polyploid
2 sets chromosomes
nondisjunction
paralogs
duplicates
Maternal Inheritance
biparental inheritance
all genes
pollen parent
achlorophyllous parent
ovule parent
Multiple Genes for One Character
pleiotropic effects
phenotype of one mutation
maternal inheritance
