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Enzymes (Immobilised enzymes (Are attached to each other or an inert…
Enzymes
Immobilised enzymes
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Methods of immobilizing enzymes.
1)Physical
-Adsorption = where enzymes are physically attached to inactive supports eg glass beads/ceramics.
-Enclosed by a membrane
-Trapped in a gel = sodium alginate is commonly used and allows substrates in and products out.
2)Chemical methods
-Bonded to a support = eg glass beads/ceramics.
-Bonded to each other
Uses
1)Produce fructose from glucose.
2)Convert penicillin to different forms.
3)Produce sweet-tasting sugars for a lactose.
Benefits
-Efficiency of enzyme not affected.
-Can be reused- cuts costs.
-Frequently become more stable.
-Controls rate of reaction.
-Easy to separate from the product.
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Role of enzymes
1)Catabolic Enzymes
-Breaking down into simpler substances
eg. Starch > Maltose
2)Anabolic Enzymes
-Building up into more complex molecules.
eg. Chromosomes > Chromatin
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Enzymes = proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction. They work because they have the correct shape to fit the substrate (complex shape). Reactions are reversible. Enzymes & substrates form enzyme/substrate complex.
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