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VmWare 6.0 (M2 Creating VM (Files (VM_name.vmx (configuration), VM_name…

- - - - configuration
    - - swap
    - - BIOS
    - - log
        
        max 6
    - - template
    - - Raw device map
    - - Disk descriptor
    - - Disk data file
        
        max 64TB
    - - suspended state
    - - snapshot data
    - - snapshot state
    - - snapshot disk
  - - - VMXNET3
      - Better NUMA
      - Host Guest File System (HGFS) shared folder
      - better vCPU e vRAM
  - - - CPU on Host
      - OS on VM
      - Licence
  - - - RAM on Host
      - OS on VM
  - - - eager zero (prefilled 0)
      - lazy zero (0 filled when data is written)
  - - - flexible
      - E1000-E1000E:
        
        high performance but not always comatible
      - VMXNET, VMXNET2, VMXNET3
        
        only with vmware tools
        
        VMXNET3 with version 7 and esx 4
      - SR-IOV
        
        VM direct to physical; not always compatible
        
        reduce latence
  - - - platform indipendent
      - install client integration plugin before deployment
      - virtual appliance
        
        preinstalled guest OS and other Software
        
        Specific purpose
    - - device drivers
      - increase graphics, mouse
      - VM heartbeat
      - Time sync
        
        withe the time of the host
      - Shutdown VM
      - shared folders between VM and host
    - - remove from inventory
      - delete from disk
- - - - ESXi management network
      - vMotion, vSAN, Replication, Fault Tollerance
    - - template that stores configuration information to create virtual switch ports on a virtual switch.
      - VLAN ID
  - - - Security
        
        promiscuous mode (allow all)
        
        MAC changes (inbound MAC)
        
        guest attempts to change the MAC address
        assigned to the virtual NIC,
        
        Forged transmits (outbound MAC)
        
        guest attempts to change the MAC address
        assigned to the virtual NIC,
      - Traffic shaping
        
        Average rate (Kbps)
        
        peak rate (Kbps)
        
        burst size (bandwith x time) (KB)
      - https://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/vsphere-esxi-vcenter-server-6-pubs.htmlnotify switches: yes, per poter notificare a switch di aggiornare la mac address tablefailback: yes, ma non per managment (perchè genera interruzione)funzione mod: calcola resto di una divisione10:3=3 con resto 110 mod3 = 1load balancingID (dividendo)MOD numero schede fisiche che fanno parte del nicteamuplink id: ID MOD(n° nic)
        
        load-balancing and failover settings
        
        Load-Balancing Method
        
        Originating Virtual Port ID
        
        Source MAC Hash
        
        Source and Destination IP Hash
        
        only outbound
        
        Network failure is managed by the VMkernel
        
        http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1005577
        
        failover
        
        failback
        
        load balancing (failover order)
        
        physical switch can also be notified whenever a failover event causes a virtual NIC’s traffic to be routed over a different physical NIC
        
        NO if VMs use Microsoft Network Load Balancing (NLB)
    - - Standard switch
      - port group
  - - - simplifies data center administration.
        
        configuration is consistent across all the hosts
        
        behavior is consistent with the behavior of standard switches.
        
        advanced features, such as private VLANs, NetFlow, and port mirroring.
        
        enables networking statistics and policies to migrate with virtual machines during a vMotion
        
        allows customization and third-party development.
    - - Consider a distributed switch as a template for the network configuration on each ESXi host
      - distributed ports and distributed port group
      - uplink
        
        abstraction to associate vmnics on multiple hosts to a single distributed switch
      - Physical switch configuration support for 802.3ad, for NIC teaming
        
        Physical switch configuration support for 802.1Q, for VLAN tagging
    - - control plane
        
        on vCenter
      - I/O plane
        
        hidden virtual switch in the VMkernel of each ESXi host
    - - Basic
      - Snooping
        
        IGMP and MLD
    - - Connect virtual machines to a distributed switch either by configuring an individual virtual machine NIC or by migrating groups of virtual machines from the distributed switch
    - - Static
        
        Assign a port to a virtual machine when the virtual machine connects to the distributed port group.
      - Dynamic
        
        Assign a port to a virtual machine the first time that the virtual machine powers on after it is connected to the distributed port group.
        
        deprecated from ESXi 5.0
      - Ephemeral
        
        No port binding
    - - Fixed
        
        default no. of Port = 8
      - Elastic
        
        default no. of Port = 8 + 8 + …
    - - Default TCP/IP stack
        
        traffic between vCenter Server and ESXi hosts and for system traffic such as vSphere vMotion, IP storage, and vSphere Fault Tolerance
      - vMotion TCP/IP stack
      - Provisioning TCP/IP stack
        
        traffic for virtual machine cold migration, cloning, and snapshot creation.
      - Custom TCP/IP stacks
  - - - enables virtual machines in a single ESXi host to communicate directly with other virtual machines connected to the same standard switch.
    - - Frames from a VM are tagged as they exit the virtual switch
      - Tagged frames arriving at a virtual switch are untagged before they are sent to the destination VM
      - VM does not know that it is connected to a VLAN
- - - - isolation
      - fault tollerance, HA, disaster recovery
      - independent from hardware
      - vShield, vCloud
    - - sharing physical resource
    - - virtual network
      - VNIC
        
        multiple VNIC
      - its own forwarding table: better isolation
      - VLAN
      - Single tier networking topology
        
        no traffic from on VSwitch to another
    - - distribute journaling file system
      - Fibre Channel, Fibre Channel over Ethernet, iSCSI
      - Encapsulation
        
        VM in directory on VMFS (/VMFA/Volumes)
    - - Hybrid Clouds
        
        Disaster recovery
        
        Quick provisioning
        
        Data archiving
  - - - VMKernel
    - - Memory hardening (random location)
      - Kernel module integrity
      - trusted platform module
    - - HD, SAN LUNs, USB, SD cards, diskless
    - - vSphere web client
      - vSphere client
      - vSphere Command line
      - vSphere API e management SDK
      - Common Information Moder (CIM)
      - Direct Console User Interface (DCUI)
        
        root
        
        default no password
        
        no password no loging di root
        
        Lockdown mode
        
        root user only on DCUI (no ssh)
    - - Host record and revers on DNS
    - - in/out block except what needed
  - - - processor, memory, network, storage
      - license
        
        evaluation 60gg
      - NTP (Time) e DNS
      - security profile
    - - /var/log/histd.log
      - /var/log/vmkernel.log
      - esportazione
      - syslog
- - - - vCenter Server
        
        you can install platform and vcenter server on the same machine
        
        Single sign-on, License, CA, Directory Services
        
        If your vSphere environment has several Platform Services Controllers that are joined in a vCenter Single Sign-on domain, the License Service replicates the licensing data across all Platform Services Controllers.
        
        vCenter server
      - vSphere web client and vSphere client
      - DB
      - vCenter Sigle Sign-on
        
        against multiple AD
      - Managed hosts
    - - Core services
      - vCenter Lookup service
        
        topology informations
      - in vCenter: vMotion, DRS, HA
      - outside vCenter: Update Manager, vRealize Orchestrator
      - vCenter Server agent on ESX
        
        when host added to vCenter
    - - vCenter Server
      - vSphere web Client
      - Inventory Service
      - Auto deploy
      - ESXi Dum Collector
        
        dump VMkernel memory of an ESXi
      - Syslog collector
    - - vcenter - vSphere client
        
        443, 9443
      - vcenter - ESXi
        
        902
        
        vpxa service start on host when added to vcenter- vpxa comunicates with hostd- hostd manages most operations on host
      - vSphere client - ESXi
        
        902
        
        hostd
    - - Update manager, Site recovery manager
      - EMC, HP, DELL, …
  - - - suse enterprise
        
        postgresql embedded
        
        1000 hosts, 10000 VM
        
        support external oracle
      - esx1 5.1 U3 and later
      - http://kb.vmware.com/kb/2108548http://kb.vmware.com/kb/2110294
      - Installation
        
        If you install vCenter Server with an external Platform Services Controller, you must first install the Platform Services Controller and then install vCenter Server.
        
        clock synchronisation
        
        vCenter Server Appliance ISO image contains a UI deployment Web page (set-up.html).
        
        Connecting to the ESXi Host
        
        VM name, root password
        
        deployment type
        
        SSO (AD)
        
        appliance size
        
        tiny: 20 Hosts 400 VM
        
        Small: 150 Hosts 3000 VM
        
        Medium: 300 Hosts 6000 VM
        
        Large: 1000 Hosts 10000 VM
        
        datastore
        
        DB
        
        network
      - manage
        
        manage > settings
        
        Administration > System Configuration > Services
        
        http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1318http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1006427
        
        Virtual machines can synchronize their time with the ESXi host.
      - Web Client
        
        http://appliance_IP_address_or_FQDN/vsphere-client
        
        drag and drop
      - Managing the vCenter Server Inventory
        
        virtual data center
        
        folders and subfolders exist in the view where they were created.You can create a structure on which appropriate access can be assigned to administrators.
        
        Add Host wizard
        
        FQDN
        
        root user
        
        create vpxuser
        
        Lockdown mode disables remote access for the account called root after vCenter Server takes control of the host.
        
        Tags
        
        vCenter Server Events
        
        Events are records of user actions or system actions that occur on objects in vCenter Server or on a host.
        
        information, warning, error
        
        vCenter Server System Logs
        
        vSphere records events in the vCenter Server database.
        
        export