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Genus Streptococcus (Beta-Hemolytic Completely hemolyze red blood…

- - - - Extracellular Enzymes
        -Streptokinase: Digests fibrin clots
        -Hyaluronidaise: Breaks down connective tissue
        -DNase: Hydrolyzes DNA
      - Extracellular Toxins
        -Streptolysins: Hemolysins such as streptolysin O & streptolysin S; cause cell tissue & injury
        -Pyrogenic Toxin (Erythrogenic): Induces fever & typical red rash
        -Superantigens: Strong monocyte & lymphocyte stimulants; cause the release of tissue necrotic factor
    - - Skin Infections
        -Impetigo (pyoderma): Superficial lesions that break & form highly contagious crusts; often occurs in epidemics in school children; also associated w/ insect bites, poor hygiene & crowded living conditions
        -Erysipelas: Pathogen enters through a break in the skin & eventually spreads to the dermis & subq tissues; can remain superficial/become systematic
      - Throat Infections
        -Streptococcal Pharyngitis: AKA "Strep Throat"; microbe multiplies in the tonsils/ pharyngeal mucous membranes
        -Causes redness, edema, enlargement & extreme tenderness; makes swallowing difficult & painful
        -Can be accompanied by fever, headache, nausea & abdominal pain
        -Can lead to scarlet fever
      - Systemic Infections
        -Scarlet Fever: Caused by a strain of S. pyogenes carrying a prophage that codes for pyrogenic toxin; can lead to sequelae
        -Septicema: Presence of toxins in the blood
        -Pneumonia
        -Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome