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Chapter 8: Primate Evolution, Early Primates to Hominoids (The Fossil…

- - - - Exhibits a mix of primate and animal traits
      - Grasping hands and feet
      - Nails not claws
      - No stereoscopic vision
- - - - Primates evolved from insectivores that took to the trees
      - Vision over smell
      - Reduced snout moved eyes forward
      - Accurate jumping from branch to branch
      - Criticisms: many arboreal adapted mammals lack primate traits (squirrels)
    - - Required 3D vision, grasping hands and feet, nails over claws
      - Criticisms: many primates are frugivores, vegetarians, not all preadtors have stereoscopic vision
      - Visual Predation 2.0
        
        Vision to exploit flowering plants/parts
        
        Early primates were likely omnivores
- - - - Monkey-like
      - Similar to modern prosimians
      - Relatively small brains and bodies
      - 3 premolars
      - Anthropoid features: Bony eye socket, broad incisors, projecting canines, low rounded cusps on molars
    - - Likely ancestral to old world monkeys and hominoids
      - Dentition ~ modern catarrhines, 2 premolars
      - Anthropoid traits: broad incisors, projecting canines, low rounded cusps on molars, bony eye socket
      - Aegyptopithecus species
- - - - Arboreal quadruped
      - Fruit, some leaves in diet
      - Hominoid features: lacked a tail, dentition
  - - - Adapted for forested marshland
      - diet of leaves and vegetation
      - Brachiation, long arms/hands, mobile joints
      - Ape body, monkey-like head
    - - Thick enamelled teeth, heavy jaw
      - Diet: hard, gritty or tough plants
      - Arboreal & brachiation capabilities
      - Closely resembles orang-utans, likely an ancestor
    - - Small face and slight brow ridge
      - Lighter tooth enamel/jaws, pointed molar cusps
      - Resembles African apes
      - likely arboreal
      - Brachiation capabilities