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How Secure was the USSR's Control of Eastern Europe? (Berlin Wall…
How Secure was the USSR's Control of Eastern Europe?
Berlin Wall (1961-1989)
East and West divide, literal Iron Curtain
Mass immigration from East to West (over 2 million)
Used as propaganda for both sides
Condemned by the Western Allies
JFK held a speech against the wall in West Berling
Destroyed in 1989
Hungarian Revolution (1956)
Imre Nagy placed in charge to handle mass student protests
Imre proposed reforms:
Democracy, freedom of speech and religion, leave Warsaw Pact, appeal to UN (Westernize)
Asked Soviets to withdraw and they did, until they came back
Death of Stalin was huge influence
Soviets returned and killed 20,000 Hungarians.
Janos Kadar placed in charge
Prague Spring (1968)
Dubcek
Proposed reforms for Czechoslovakia
Freedom of speech, creation of workers council, abolition of censorship.
Ensured USSR that they would not alter their foreign policy or leave Warsaw Pact
Economic recession
Soviet tanks invaded and crushed rebellion
Introduced Brezhnev Doctrine
Solidarity (1980)
Lech Walesa
Challenged communism, wanted to make Poland capitalist
10 million members in Jan 1981
Banned in 1981 but returned in 1989 after the Berlin Wall collapsed
Gorbachev
Last Soviet Leader
Gorbymania, west loved Gorbachev
Glasnot
: openness
Perestroika
: restructure soviet economy (make it more capitalist
Allowed protests and freedom of speech
Nearly all of Eastern Europe protested as they now had the ability to do so
Allowed Berlin Wall to be destroyed