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Digestive System (Diseases/ Abnormal conditions (hepatitis (B, C, A),…

- - - - lubricates & partially digests food
    - - largest gland in the body
        
        located under diaphragm, in upper right quadrant of abdomen
        
        functions-
        
        produces heparin &cholesterol
        
        stores sugar in from of glucose
        
        secrets bile
        
        detoxifies substances
    - - small muscular sac
        
        stores & concentrates bile, which is needed to emulsify fats
      - located under liver, connected tissue attaches
    - - fish shaped organ, behind the stomach
      - produces pancreatic juices to digest food
      - produces insulin, then is secreted into blood stream
        
        regulates burning of carbs to convert glucose to energy
    - - tongue
        
        muscular organ, contains special receptors (taste buds)
        
        taste buds allow for sweet, salty, sour & bitter sensation
      - receives food as it enter the body
        
        food is tasted
        
        broken down by teeth
        
        lubricated & partially digested by saliva
        
        swallowed
      - teeth
        
        special structures that physically break down food by chewing and grinding
    - - 5 ft long, 2 in diameter, & final section of the alimentary canal
      - functions
        
        absorption of water & any remaining nutrients
        
        storage of indigestible materials before eliminating in body
        
        synthesis & absorption of some B- complex vitamins and vitamin K
        
        transportation of waste product out of the alimentary canal
    - - 20 ft long, 1 inch in diameter
      - receives food from the stomach (chyme)
      - 3 sections
        
        Jejunum
        
        8 ft
        
        ileum
        
        final 12 ft
        
        connects / large intestine @ cecum
        
        cecum= where the appendix is
        
        duodenum
        
        first 9/10 ft
        
        bile from gallbladder & liver enters with pancreatic juice through ducts
  - - - when bolus is swallowed, epiglottis closes
  - - - carries bolus to stomach by peristalsis
        
        9 seconds from esophagus to stomach
  - - - kills bacteria, helps absorb iron & activates pepsin
    - - starts protein digestion
    - - starts chemical breakdown of fats
    - - aids in the digestion of milk (only present in infants)