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CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL NUCLEAR DISASTER RESPONSE (BIOLOGICAL…
CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL NUCLEAR DISASTER RESPONSE
CHEMICAL DISASTER
CAUSES
TOX
EXPLOSION
COMBINATION OF ALL
POISONING
TOXIC RELEASE
FIRE
SOURCE
MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE
MANUFACTURING AND FORMULATION INSTALLATIONS
TRANSPORTATION
INITIATOR
TERRORIST ATTACKS/SABOTAGE
PROCESS AND SAEFTY SYSTEM FAILURE
ORGANISATIONAL ERROR
LACK OF INFORMATION
HUMAN ERRORS
TECHNICAL ERROR
NATURAL CALAMITIES
IMPACT
LIVING ORGANISM
HUMAN
LIVESTOCK
PLANTS
ENVIRONMENT
SOIL AND WATER BODIES
ATMOSPHERE
IMMEDIATE, SHORT-TERM, LONG-TERM EFFECT
POLLUTION
DEATH, INJURY, DISEASE AND DISABILITY
BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS
PLACES
Hospitals
Medical staff
Patients
Laboratories
Testing
Pathologies
Research
Healthcare services
Manufacturing industries
Leather
Fur
Pharmaceutical
Agricultural
Fisheries
Waste Disposal sites
Liquid waste
Rubbish collections
Solid waste
SOURCES
Animals
Plague
Birds
Flu
Chicken gunia
Swine flu
Microbial Decompositions
Favorable environment
Infected individuals (carrier)
CONTROLS
Engineered controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipments
EFFECTS IN HUMANS
Infections
Allergy
Poisoning
ENTRY IN BODY
Absorbtion
Contaminated objects
Body fluids of the infected
Respiratory track
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Category A
Easily Transmitted
Viruses
Small pox
Ebola
Marburg
Bacteria
Anthrax
Plague
Toxins
Botulism
High Mortality
Category B
Moderately easy to transmit
Viruses
Alpha virus
Bacteria
Brucellosis
Glanders
Toxins
Caster Beans
Moderate & Low mortality rate
Category C
Viruses
Nipah
Yellow fever
Hantaviruses
Bacteria
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Vulnerability Analysis
Risk assesment
Environmental Management
Water Supply
Personal hygiene
Vector control
Burial / Disposal of the dead
Prevention of post disaster epidemics
Integrated Diseases Surveillance Systems
Pharmaceutical Interventions
Immunisation
Other preventive measures
Chemoprophylaxis
Non Pharmaceutical Interventions
Social Distancing Measures
Disease conainment
Isolation
Quarantine methodologies
Bio safety and Bio security measures
NUCLEAR DISASTERS
SOURCES
Manmade
Nuclear power plants
Xrays
Nuclear bombs
Nuclear accidents
Transportation
Leakage
Mining & processing of radioactive ores
Use of radioactive materials in nuclear weapons
Natural
Emissions from radioactive materials from earth's crust
Cosmic rays from outer space
VARIABLES
Time of exposure
Distance from the source
Level of shielding
EFFECTS
Physical
Burns
Cancer
Kidney damage
Tissue & DNA damage
Mental
Trauma
Disorders
Ecological Damage
Loss of settements
Loss of food
Damage to agricultural production
MEASURES
Public Awareness
ERC- Emergency response center
Radiation detection and monitoring instruments
Safe and scientific waste management
Protective gears
INSTITUTIONS
Dept. of Atomic energy (DAE)
Bhabha atomic research center (BARC)
Indian Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network (IERMON)
RADIOLOGICAL DISASTERS
REASONS
ACCIDENT OF VEHICLES CARRYING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
MALEVOLENT ACTIVITIES
NATURAL DISASTERS
SYSTEM FAILURE
FAULTY HANDLING
TYPES
ACCIDENTAL / MANMADE
Hydrogen explodes
Occupational
Manufacturing operations
Research institutions
Heathcare
Nuclear emergencies
Explosion of nuclear weapon / improvised nuclear device
Nuclear power-plant accidents
Transportation accidents
Shipments
Vehicles carrying radioactive materials
Radio-logical exposure device
Develops acute radiation syndrome
Hidden sealed sources
Radio-logical dispersal device
Carries radioactive material
Mix of explosives
Dirty bomb
NATURAL
Natural disasters in radio-logical hazard prone areas
EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
Contaminated Agricultural land
Intense pulse of heat and radiation
Contaminated food and water bodies
BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE
Delayed damage
Hereditary genetic malfunctioning
Cancer
Direct damage
External contamination
Flash Blindness
Injury or Death
organic lesions
Burns
AREAS
NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL
WARFARE
TRANSPORTATION
RESEARCH INSTITUTES
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
INDUSTRIES
HOSPITALS
MATERIALS
Radioactive isotopes
Cesium
Iodine
Americium
Iridium
Cobalt
SAFETY
evacuation of a sector within a close perimeter of the accident in the event of prolonged exposure to radioactive releases.
Laying down medical measures for persons exposed to radiation because of their profession.
Determining and respecting dosage limits of exposure to radiation.