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Ecology of the Peer Group (Bullies tend to have these characteristics…
Ecology of the Peer Group
Social competence: Behavior informed by an understanding of others feelings and intentions, the ability to respond appropriately, and knowledge of the consequences of one's actions.
Social Cognition: conceptions and reasoning about people, the self, relations between people, social groups roles and rules, and the relation of such conceptions to social behavior.
Assumptive reality: a theory about reality assumed to be true without examining or evaluating contradictory data.
Cognitive conceit: Elkinds term for children in Piaget's stage of concrete operations who put too much faith in their reasoning ability and cleverness.
Reality testing: testing assumptions against facts.
Imaginary audience: the beliefs that others are as concerned with ones behavior and appearance as one is oneself.
Situation: active behavior is more likely to be imitated than passive behavior.
Model: a model who is perceived to be similar to the observer and has desirable or admirable traits is more likely to be imitated than one who does not seem similar or who has traits not particularly desirable to the observer.
Observer: the observers cognitive and physical ability to reproduce the observed behavior also influences modeling. The observer must understand and remember the behavior and must be able to perform the verbal and motor functions involved.
Morality of constraint: behavior based on respect for persons in authority.
morality of cooperation: behavior based on mutual understanding between equals.
Social support: resources (tangible, intellectual, social, emotional) provided by others in times of need.
Types of social interactions: solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, cooperative.
Sociotherapy: an intervention to help children who have trouble making and keeping friends learn to relate to others.
Bullies tend to have these characteristics
Domication needs- need to feel powerful, superior
Impulsive, low tolerance for frustration, easily angered
Usually physically stronger than peers
difficulty adhering to rules
generally oppositional, defiant, aggressive
show little empathy
a relatively positive self concept
engaged in antisocial behavior.
Victims tend to have these characteristics
usually physically weaker than peers
poor physical coordianation
exhibit fear of being hurt or hurting themselves
cautious, sensitive, quiet, passive, submissive, shy
anxious, insecure, unhappy
a relatively negative self concept
difficulty asserting themselves
often relate better to adults than peers
Collaborative leadership: working together and sharing responsibility for a task.