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Protista (Animal-like Protists: (Ciliophora* (-> have many short hair…
Protista
Animal-like Protists:
Ciliophora*
-> have many short hair-like projections called cilia
-> cilia used for locomotion and sweeping food particles
Zoomastigna
-> have one or more flagella
-> whip side to side to move them
-> have a hard protective covering their outer membrane
Cercozoa*
-> cell membrane without a cell wall
->can change shape to move and create different forms
-> Use pseudopods (false feet) for locomotion and feeding
Sporozoa*
-> parasites of animals
->take nutrients they need
from hosts
-> alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction
Plant-like Protists:
Algae
Phaeophyta*
->Phaeophyta can range from a microscopic length to several
meters. The longest size measured is about 30 meters
->Phaeophyta are the most complex forms of algae. The cell walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid (a complex polysaccharide)
->Similar to other evolved algal species, reproduction of this algae takes place by both sexual and asexual means.
Chlorophyta*
->Green colour from chlorophyll
->green algae may be unicellular (one cell), multicellular (many cells)
->colonial (living as a loose aggregation of cells) or coenocytic (composed of one large cell without cross-walls)
->Most are aquatic and are found commonly in freshwater
-> Some are symbiotic with fungi giving lichens.
Rhodphyta
->Absence of flagella and centrioles
->phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin as accessory pigments
->no chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum
->Between 2500 and 6000 species
Euglenoids:
-> Protein-rich cell membrane known as pellicle, no cell wall
->They have two flagella on the anterior end of the body
->Small light sensitive eye spot is present
->Contain chlorophyll and can thus prepare their own food (autotrophic)
->In absence of light, they behave similar to heterotrophs by eating other small aquatic organisms
Chrysophyta*
-> Found in marine and freshwater environments
-> Many are unicellular and free swimming but can join together and form colonies
-> nearly all chrysophytes become heterotrophic in the absence of adequate light, or in the presence of plentiful lots of food
-> Some species have cell walls made of cellulose strengthened by silica compounds, while others are amoeboid without any cell walls
Pyrrophyta*
->Contain Peridinin, a reddish-brown pigment
->They have 2 flagellas
->Sizes range from from 0.01 to 2.0 mm
->Nearly 50% photosynthetic (autotrophs) The rest are heterotrophs
Fungi-like Protists:
Oomycota*
->filamentous organisms that resemble fungi
->most live on dead organic matter
->some are parasites on fish,insects and plants
-> extend fungus-like threads into host tissue,
releasing digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients
Myxomycota*
-> exist as individual amoeboid cells with one nucleus
-> feeds by ingesting tiny bacteria or yeast cells
-> when food becomes scarce, cells release a chemical called pseudoplasmodium
Acrasiomycota*
->microscopic during most stages of their life cycle, when they exist as haploids
->feed on bacteria by engulfing them, in a process known as phagocytosis
->reproduce by mitosis and fission. Sexual reproduction occurs but is uncommon
->During times with shortage of food, the individual haploid amoebas of a cellular slime mold aggregate into a mass of cells called a pseudoplasmodium
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