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Unit 1 - 1919 - 1939 Key Terms (President - In charge of a country…
Unit 1 - 1919 - 1939 Key Terms
Article 48 - Allowed the President (under extreme circumstances) to take control of the whole country
Weimar Government - Government of Weimar
Created in Feb 1919 after Germany lost WW1
Article 231/ The War Guilt Clause - Opening article of the reparations section of the Treaty of Versailles
Forced Germany to accept responsibility of the war
Demilitarisation - The Rhineland was demilitarised under article 180 of the Versailles Treaty
The Polish Corridor - Piece of land that separated Germany (East Prussia)
Splits Germany into two
Alsace Lorraine - Area of land that France lost to Germany in the Franco - Prussian war of 1870. France regained it back in the Treaty of Versailles
Reparations - Payments - Germany had to pay back countries for damage caused in WW1
When Hitler came to power, he stopped paying them
Proportional Representation - Voting system in the Weimar Republic - seats were proportional to the number of votes
President - In charge of a country
Reichstag - meaning Parliament
Chancellor - Head of Parliament
The Dolschtoss theory - right wing theory - stab in the back myth
Spartacist Uprising - radical group which emerged from the SPD
Karl Leibknecht and Rosa Luxemburg - lead the Spartacist Uprising
Wolfgang Kapp - Strict nationalist - Prussian civil servant and leader of the Kapp Putsch
Gustav Stresemann - Chancellor in 1923 and Foreign Minister 1923 to 1929
Kapp Putsch - attempt to overthrow the Weimar government
used the Freikorps and marched on Berlin
The occupation of the Ruhr
1923 - German Government was unable to pay reparations under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Hyperinflation
Fritz Thyssen - Helped finance the Nazi party
Passive resistance
Stresemann (chancellor) called off the passive resistance and started paying reparations again
Freikorps - German volunteer unit - the members fought regardless of their nationality (ex soliders - disbanded solicited) Lead by Mussolini (Blackshirts)
Gustav Stresemann - Brief Chancellor in 1923 - Foreign Minister 1923 - 1929
Golden twenties - term for the 1920s
Cabaret - entertainment
Rentenmark - issued on 15th October 1923 to stop the Hyperinflation
Locarno Treaties - seven agreements located in Locarno, Switzerland in 1925
Kellogg Briand Pact - 1928 - Germany signed the pact along with 68 other nations - agreed that they would keep their armies for self defence
League of Nations - International organisation established in 1920 to try and maintain peace - had to happen before the Locarno pact
Dawes Plan - Stresemann realised he could not afford the reparation payments, persuaded the French, British and Americans to change the payment through the Dawes plan
The Young Plan - allowed the German government to pay the reparations over a longer amount of time
Munich Beer Hall Putsch - failed attempt to seize power in Munich, Bavaria
General Ludendorff - after WW1 he became a nationalist leader and promoted the stab-in-the-back myth
Gustav Kahr - German right wing politician
Landsberg prison - where Hitler spent 9 months
Mein Kampf - 'my struggle' book written by Hitler at Landsberg prison - stated some of his aims and plans
Herman Goerring - ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945
Josef Goebbels - March 1934 set up the Ministry for propaganda
Ernst Rohm - Head of the SA (brownshirts)
The Wall Street Crash - 'Black Tuesday' - October 24th 1929 - Unemployment - stock market crashed
The Great Depression - multi causal - lack of money
Extremist politics - far right wing
The Year of the three Chancellors - ?????????????????????????
The Night of the Long Knives - 30th June 1934 - Operation Hummingbird - Blood Purge - blood purge against the SA (lead by Ernst Rohm)
The Oath of Allegiance - Oath sworn by German Armed Forces officers and soldiers between 1934 and 1945 - happened after Hindenburg's death
The death of Hindenburg - August 1934 - aged 86 -caused the oath of allegiance