Circulatory System
major components
lungs
blood vessels
Heart
organ that pumps the blood through the system
carries the blood
blood
connective tissue that has a fluid component called plasma and other cells
puts oxygen in blood
arteries
veins
carry blood away from the heart
carry blood toward the heart
Heart
size of your fist
located in the left center if the chest
right side of the heart collects blood from the body and sends it to the lungs
left side of the hear collects blood from lungs and sends it to the rest of the body
chambers of the heart
right atrium
collects the blood after it the trip around the body
superior and inferior vena cava take the blood here
travels through the atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle
right coronary artery provides blood for right ventricle
Phases
Systole
diastole
the left coronary artery provides blood to left lateral and anterior walls of the left ventricle
Pathology Connection:
problems with cardiac muscle and cardiac Vasculature
right sided heart failure: condition where the right side of the heart can not move blood efficiently
CHF
Congestive heart failure
condition where heart cannot move blood efficiently
Myocardial Infarction
AKA a heart attack
caused by inadequate or absent blood flow to area of heart muscle
signs and symptom: chest pain, left shoulder, arm, neck, and jaw pain, nauseas, diaphoresis, and dyspnea
Arteriosclerosis
thickening of inner layer of arteries
treatment: lifestyle changes that overcome at risk behaviors like exercise and proper diet
Atherosclerosis
Fatty deposits bulid up on inner lining of blood vessels
treatment: Lifestyle changes, medication that control cholesterol medication
Electrical Pathway
cardiac muscle is autorhythmic, meaning it can contract without nerve impulses or hormones
Nodal cell, or pacemaker cell, create electrical impulse
sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
located in wall of right atrium, near entrance of superior vena cava, 70-80 impulses per minute
located at point where atria and ventricles meet, 40-60 beats per minute
Electrical Disturbances
Arrhythmia(dysrhythmia): heartbeat with abnormal rhythm, often do to abnormalities in hearts electrical conduction system
Flutter: coordinated, but extremely rapid contraction of heart chamber
Fibrillation: rapid, uncoordinated contraction of cardiac muscle cells
heart block: condition where electrical signaling between atria and ventricles is delayed or completely blocked
Blood
connective tisses
4-6 liters of blood,
7-9% of your total body weight
Three functions:
transportation
Regulation
Protection
transports oxygen from lungs , nutrients from digestive system , and hormones from endocrine glands
protects us from invasion and infection by pathogens and texins
regulate variety of levels in body to help maintain homeostasis by ensuring pH, helps regulat body temp and fluid balance
plasma is 55% of bloods volume
90% is water, 10% contains other nutrients, salt, oxygen, hormones, and regulatory substances
Formed elemrnts
Thrombocytes: platelets
white blood cells: leukocytes
red blood cells: erythrocytes
lack nuclear response
doughnut shaped
helps with transporting oxygen
polymorphonuclear granulocytes: originate from red bone marrow
Mononuclear cells: originate from lymphoid and myeloid tissue
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
monocytes: found in infection
Lymphocyte: protects us from infection using antibiotics
responsible for blood ability to clot
blood types
B
AB
A
O
very common
41% of Americans have this
anti-B antibodies are found in this blood
contains anti-A antigens
contains both a and b antibodies in plasma
this blood Is called universal recipients
contains no a or b antigen , but the plasma contains both a and b antibodies
this blood can be given to anyone
labeled universal donor
Rh
special blood antigens were first found in bloods of Rhesus monkeys and labeled Rh factor
85% of whites and 88% of black population had Rh in there blood
People with Rh are not A,B, AB, or O, they would be O- or B+
Polycythemia: increased number of RBC
secondary polycythemia: chronic low levels of oxygen cause body to produce more erythrocytes
primary polycythemia: can be sue to bone marrow cancer
Anemia
decreased numbers of RBCs or abnormal or deficient amount of hemoglobin
cause: bone marrow dysfunction, low levels of iron or vitamins
common symptoms: pale skin, mucous membranes, and nail beds, fatigue, muscle weakness
Sickle cell anemia
inherited condition in RBD and hemoglobin molecules cannot form properly
problems involving WBC
leukocytosis
leukemia
high levels of blood cells are produced due to bone marrow cancer
high WBC count
leukopenia
low WBC count
blood vessels
arteries divide into smaller and smaller vessels called arterioles
blood continues journey from capillaries to small vessels called venules
three layers
tunica media
tunica externa
tunica interns
innermost layer
middle layer, thick, smooth muscles, elastic tissue and collagen
outside layer, fibrous tissue
blood clotting
when inner was if vessels is damaged, collagen fibers become expossed
platelets floating in blood begin to attach to that rough damaged site and create a plug
within 15 seconds, blood clotting (coagulation) begins
Hemophilia: inherited blood condition that impair blood clotting
thrombus formation
rough surface on lining of blood vessel may allow platelets to begin " sticking"
Aneurysm:
localized weakened area of blood vessel wall