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Unit 5-Party Music (The Swing or Big-Band Era (Larger group of players (4…
Unit 5-Party Music
The Swing or Big-Band Era
Written, arranged, and composed vs. improvised
Larger group of players
4 saxophones
basses
3 trombones
guitar
One cornet
drums
2 trumpets
vibraphone
Piano
1930's-40s
Wide audience- both white and black cultures
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington(1899-1974)
1920s played in NYC jazz clubs
Composer/arranger
Studied piano
Major figure in the Harlem Renaissance
Born in Washington, D.C.
Listening Guide 48
Billy Strayhorn composed
32-bar song form- AABA
Swing Style
Lush, composed-out jazz style
Still some elements of improvisation
Call and response
Syncopation
Riffs- repeated phrases
Bent Notes- in and out of pitch
Shakes- brass extreme vibrato
Glissandos- fast up and down of pitches
Blues Roots
Civil war: Mississippi Delta Blues
Three-line stanzas
Twelve-measure harmonic patterns
Voiced difficulties of everyday life
Famous Blues Artists:
Charlie Patton
Bessie Smith
B.B. King
Blues traditionally associated with the U.S.
Louis Armstrong(1901-1971)
Band leader
Singer
Trumpet player
Actor
New Orleans Jazz scene
Listening Guide: 47
Billie's Blues
Mix of Jazz and Blues and Dance
12 bar blues
Intersection between jazz and blues
Short intro
1936
Six choruses
Pattern of melody and harmony pattern
Billie Holiday(1915-1959)
1933 discovered by a talent scout who arranged to record with Benny Goodman
1935 recording with best jazz musicians of her day
Sanged at clubs in Brooklyn and Harlem
Most famous song- Strange fruit
Born in Philadelphia, PA
Later life sad
No formal training
Early 19th Century American Pop Music
19th Century American Music POP Culture
American Style Developed
Lighter music
Vernacular
American popular identity
Popular=Belongs to the people
European immigrants brought cultivated repertories to the US
Chamber music
Symphonies
Opera
POP Music
Minstrel Shows
Parlor Songs
Marketing and POP Culture
Minstrel- Variety shows
Black face
White performers
Plantation life
Publishing Companies
Parlor Songs
Amateurs at home
Stephen Foster(1826-1864)
First hit- Oh! Susanna
Songs later published as ballads and love songs from Minstrel shows
Pittsburgh, PA
Mostly wrote parlor songs
Professional Songwriter
Sympathetic to abolitionist cause
Listening Guide 28
Foster's Jeanie with the Light Brown
Voice and piano
Major key
Strophic A A' B A
Homophobic
Anglo-Irish folk song tradition
Bittersweet tone
Wrote 1853-54 after separate from wife
Parlor Song
Jazz Roots
West African traditions from 18th century salves
Call and reponse
Vocal inflections
Keeps evolving by incorporation many styles
Jazz traditionally associated with the U.S.
Famous Jazz Artists
Louis Armstrong
Ella Fitzgerald
Billie Holiday
Duke Ellington
Jazz & Blues Tradition
Pre-Jazz: Ragtime Dances
African American style that modified European American traditions
Pianists accompanying social dancing
1890's
Scott Joplin(1868-1917)
Born in Texas
Left home at age 14
Played in honky tonks and piano bars
Performed ragtime at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893
The "King of Ragtime"
Balanced phrasing and key structures with highly syncopated melodies
Strove to elevate ragtime to a serious art form
Listening Guide: 42
Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag
Syncopated melody with steady accompaniment
A-A-B-B-C-C-D-D
Piano roll performance
Published 1899
Maple Leaf Rag sold a million copies
End of an Era: Late 19th Century American Pop Music
The Band Tradition
Music for bass bands in Britain
Roots
Revolutionary War regimental bands
18th century US Marine Band
Civil War era bands
Concert & dance assemblies
Patrick S. Gilmore- leader
John Philip Sousa
Toured extensively
Sheet music sold incredibly well
1892 Formed civilian group
Mass-marketing of recordings
Conducted US Marine Band
The "March" King
Wrote over 130 marches for band
Born in Washington, DC