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Vargas vs. Peron (Peron (Treatment of opposition (The way Peron and Eva…
Vargas vs. Peron
Peron
Treatment of opposition
The way Peron and Eva went about treating the opposition was by torturing them, putting them in jail or simply killing them.
Peron's cult of personality had become increasingly apparent throughout the years which made him more secure enough to repress his opponents.
Economic policies
Agrarian reform and mobilization of peasants and workers. There was an agricultural to industrial change between 1930's and 1960's.
Ideology
Peron was a populist leader- exercised authoritarian means to contain popular mobilization and to increase profitability for the country.
Represented the common people, workers and need for a change towards social justice.
Juan Peron was an Argentine lieutenant general and politician. Before his presidency, he was a member of the GOU (United Officers Group) and was minister of labour and war (1944). He served as president from 1946-1952. He was doing reelections but
Rise to power
He previously was part of the minister of labour and was part of the GOU that was aiming to overthrow president Castillo at the time.
Peron got to power through the military. His wife had roots that illustrated a life filled with poverty so he was trying to help the poor. She helped gain more supporters therefore, he gained power.
Social policies
Peron stood up for the workers by controlling the Union leaders. They had better job security and safety. Mean't to support, while making life less harsh for workers.
Eva Peron, his wife, was an important part of his social policies since she helped out and was of great influence. A little background of her: She was poor and wanted to become an actress. Her hometown was Junin but left in 1935 to Buenos Aires to persue her dream. She supported the poor and wanted to transform their life in the way her life had been transformed when she met Peron.
Eva contributed to women's suffrage. She convinced Peron to allow women to vote in which he received support and the majority of their vote.
Eva sided with the Descamisados (shirtless ones). She helped the poor- she built hospitals, housing projects, voluntary percentages from workers wages, lottery proceeds, private donations and taxes to fund the social projects of the Peron governement.
By 1952, workers had decent homes, access to schools (education), hospitals, sports facilities, and paid vacations. They overall had a better life style at their work place.
Catholic Church's Doctrine: right to unionize and strike and the duties of the state in brokering social injustice.
Political policies
Peron conitnued to improve the lives of Argentine workers. Peron alienated socialists and communists who had lost workers' support as Union leaders. Wanted to improve Argentinas industry.
Vargas
Background
Getulio Vargas from the southern state pro grande de sul. he was part of a land ownig family. he was in the army and studied law. he is considered a Gaucho traditional. Gaucho is considered a cowboy. he landed Brazilian caudillos, term used for political leaders from military origin who rules in an authoritarian manner, who were tired from corrupt power.
parties that were authoritarian in Vargas time were the Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense (PRR) and uses strong arm tactics. Party was antagonistic to Sao Paulo political elite made up of mostly coffee growers and exporters who controlled Brazilian government.
Rise to power
Mr.Minister of Finance Vargas was a finance minister in 1926. Vargas won the Rio Grande sol gubernatorial race in 1928
Bye Bye Luis, Hello Vargas after the great despression, President Washington Luis depleted Barzilian treasury reserves to accomodate foreign lenders. this created mass public disapproval especilly from the coffee growing elite. as a result a military group plnas to overthrow the preseident and the constitutional assembly place Vargas in charge in November 1930.
Change in gov in caudillo fashion, Vargas began to centralize power by appointing new state governers who directly answered to him. this was a distinct change in Brazilian governement whch was before had autonomy to run the states with little interfrence from Rio.
dissent in Sao Paulo appointed governer unable to regulate that state due to the powerful elites. a 1932 staged 'constitutuionalist revolution' which demaned that Vargas call the constitutent assembly for a new constitution. armed confronatation between federal and paulista troops lasted for about 4 months and ended when federal troops surrounded the city of Sao Paulo.
make a weak Military group Vargas concentrated on neautralizing military groups that were against him. the *October 3rd club
new constituent assembly between 1933-34, Vargas chose loyal politicians. power was in the central government and no longer the state government
when opp. groups emerged, Vargas suspended new constitution and legislatures. in 1943 he suspended elections until 1945.
Ideology
resented power politics of Brazil 1930s. mostly the coffee exporters were in control of politics at that time. he believes economic development not only depended on coffee but also sugar and tropical fruits.
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estado nuvo in 1937 idea borrowed elements from Fascist leaders in Italy, Mussolini and also Salazar in Portugal. also includes this idea of Vargas as an authoritarian leader. as a result, in 1938, he eliminated all fascists leaders in Brazil thus allowing him become a dictator.
estado nuvo focuses on making Brazil a modern state, industrialization and economic development through centralized administration.
between 1937-1945, Brazil is surrounded by technical experts in advantages to sell sources during the second world war in order to gain support. Capitalism was part of Vargas ideology and traded well with allies and axis powers. in 1942, Brazil ends it's neutral stance and joined the allied side.
social policies
social security system established for all workers. this created popular support amongst the middle class and workers. centralization created school reform and centrally reproduces school textbooks.
wanted large construction projects to showcase Brazil's greatness which created popular visits to Brazil.
industries were underdeveloped and rural. in these factories, unionism were carefully monitored and decided to use corporatism to mobilize Vargas support.
In the 1950 election, Vargas announced to raise low salaries by 100%. as the wages increase, the prices also increased causing inflation. this decision was opposed by industrialists and landed elites.
economic policies
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new tariff on coffee exports and new income tax. privileged industries in petroleum, hydro electric, and engines. this created a protective tariff for national manufactured products.
In 1943, Brazil declares war against the axis powers and sides with the United Sates. this decision helped the finance of the steel plant in Volta Redonda which stimulated heavy industry.
Vargas organized cartels for Brazilian resources and promotes state owned enterprises to build air crafts, engines, and tracks.
Estado Nuvo fostered merit based system in its administration. this created labor codes in 1943; workers in factories and unions controlled by Government.
political policies
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eliminated political parties and labor unions after the 1937 clashes. these clashes were between the Fascists and Communists.
postponed the 1943 elections and built up the populist labor party. promoted strong nationalist sentiments and restricted foreign firms.
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Vargas free jailed leftist and allowed them to commence in their communist parties without police interference. this creates this feeling that Vargas was moving towards the left side and not fascism.
end of Vargas 15 year dictatorship after military coup over throws him in 1945. coup goal was to implement democratization in Brazil.
President Dutra in charge and undid the Estado Nuvo policy on industrialization, diversification of exports, and economy. focus was to help decentralized tenets and citizens rights.
Vargas voted back in 1950. and returns to his old policies. he even asks for USA help in the transportation sector. his populists measures alienated military which planned to overthrow hima in a coup in 1954.
by 1954, Brazil is left in a bad financial crisis and Vargas gets mixed up in Lacerda scandal and as a result he commits suicide.
treatment of opposition
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censored the press, security forces act with force, constitutional rights suspended, Brazilian security forces apprehended ' enemy aliens'.'
Carlos Lacerda assassination attempt of this famous journalist caused this military officer to be accidently killed.
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