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Expansion, Revolution, Decline (what is the British empire? (The British…
Expansion, Revolution, Decline
when did the British empire start?
It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries
En.wikipedia.org. (2018). British Empire. [online] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire
[Accessed 9 Feb. 2018].
what is the British empire?
The British Empire was made up of the colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories which were
controlled by the United Kingdom
.
Wikipedia. (2018). British Empire. [online] Available at:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire
[Accessed 9 Feb. 2018].
It began with the overseas colonies and trading posts set up by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history, and the world's most powerful superpower for more than a century.[1] By 1922, more than 458 million people lived in the British Empire, which was more than one fifth of the world's population at that time
-
At its peak, the British Empire was the largest formal empire that the world had ever known. As such, its power and influence stretched all over the globe; shaping it in all manner of ways. This site is dedicated to analysing the history of the British Empire: The triumphs, the humiliations, the good that it brought and the bad that it inflicted. For better or worse the British Empire had a massive impact on the history of the world. It is for this reason that this site tries to bring to life the peoples, cultures, adventures and domination that made the Empire such a powerful institution. It is neither an apology for, nor a nostalgic reminiscince of the institution that so dominated the world for over a century. Rather, it analyses and describes the vast institution that so influenced the shape of the world that we see today.
This site is not a rigourous academic site! I'm sure there are plenty of mistakes and oversights on my part; for which I apologise in advance! My interest in the subject is purely that of a personal journey of discovery; to give myself a reason to research what I regard as a fascinating subject. I welcome suggestions, arguments, submissions and any personal insights in to this subject matter. The site has been in a continuous state of upgrade and expansion since its inception back in 1996. It is updated regularly, but I am often pulled this way and that by contributors, requests and information that comes my way. Therefore, there are dead-ends and incomplete sections - despite the 5,000 plus pages of information contained on the site. If you have your own suggestions or recommendations, I am always pleased to hear them and will try my best to accomodate any such requests.
Britishempire.co.uk. (2018). The British Empire, Imperialism, Colonialism, Colonies. [online] Available at:
http://www.britishempire.co.uk/intro/intro.htm
[Accessed 22 Feb. 2018].
what happened during the revolution?
By the 1780s, the British Industrial Revolution, which had been developing for several decades, began to further accelerate. Manufacturing, business, and the number of wage laborers skyrocketed, starting a trend that would continue into the first half of the 19th century. Meanwhile, technology changed: hand tools were replaced by steam- or electricity-driven machines.
Bbc.co.uk. (2018). BBC History. [online] Available at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history
[Accessed 15 Feb. 2018].
The economic transformation brought about the British industrial revolution was accompanied by a social transformation as well. Population boomed, and demographics shifted. Because industrial resources like coal and iron were in Central and Northern England, a shift in population from Southern England northward took place. Northern cities like Manchester grew tremendously. These changes in social and demographic realities created vast pressure for political change as well. The first act to protect workers went into affect in 1802 (though in practice it did very little). Pressure to redress the lack of representation for the new industrial cities and the newly wealthy industrial manufacturers also began to build.
Bbc.co.uk. (2018). BBC History. [online] Available at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history
[Accessed 15 Feb. 2018].
Britain, with its head start in manufacturing, its many world markets, and its dominant navy, would dominate industry for most of the 19th century. Towards the end of that century, the United States and Germany would begin to challenge Britain's industrial power.
Bbc.co.uk. (2018). BBC History. [online] Available at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history
[Accessed 15 Feb. 2018].
what happened after 1924?
After the First World War it became increasingly difficult for Britain to hold on to her Empire. It became clear that:
Britain could no longer afford an Empire
Britain had no right to rule peoples who did not want to be ruled by Britain
Britain realised that the Royal Navy was not strong enough to protect all the Empire anywhere in the world
Bbc.co.uk. (2018). BBC - KS3 Bitesize History - The British Empire through time : Revision, Page 6. [online] Available at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/uk_through_time/british_empire_through_time/revision/6/
[Accessed 12 Feb. 2018].
what is the British empire expansion ?
it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power.[1] By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23% of the world population at the time,[2] and by 1920, it covered 35,500,000 km2 (13,700,000 sq mi),[3] 24% of the Earth's total land area.
En.wikipedia.org. (2018). British Empire. [online] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire
[Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].
"the empire on which the sun never sets"
was often used to describe the British Empire was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.
En.wikipedia.org. (2018). British Empire. [online] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire
[Accessed 8 Feb. 2018].
when did
world war 1
start and end?
World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from
28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
En.wikipedia.org. (2018). World War I. [online] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
[Accessed 10 Feb. 2018].
since when did India have independence and how did this effect the British empire?
In 1900, India was part of the British Empire; but
by the end of 1947
, India had achieved independence.
For most of the Nineteenth Century, India was ruled by the British. India was considered the jewel in the crown of the British Empire. Queen Victoria had been made Empress of India and the British had a major military presence in India.
Indian nationals had no say in central government and even at a local level, their influence on policy and decision making was minimal.
In 1885, educated middle class nationals had founded the Indian National Congress (INC). Their aim was to get a much greater say in the way India was governed.
Scribd. (2018). India 1900 to 1947 | British Raj | Indian Independence Movement. [online] Available at:
https://www.scribd.com/document/15426503/India-1900-to-1947
[Accessed 13 Feb. 2018].
The huge sense of relief at a more or less dignified exit, and much platitudinous rhetoric, disguised the fact that the end of the Raj was a staggering blow for British world power.
Britain had lost the colony that had provided much of its military muscle east of Suez, as well as paying 'rent' for the 'hire' of much of Britain's own army.
The burden of the empire defence shifted back to a Britain that was both weaker and poorer than it had been before 1939.
Anon, (2018). [online] Available at:
https://www.quora.com/How-did-Indian-independence-affect-Britain
[Accessed 13 Feb. 2018].
Why did the British empire decline?
There is no simple answer to this question. The empire changed throughout its history. In the 19th century, some parts of the empire became Dominions. These were states that were still part of the empire, but ruled themselves. In most cases this happened peacefully, although there was serious violence in Ireland.
The First and Second World Wars left Britain weakened and less interested in its empire. Also many parts of the empire contributed troops and resources to the war effort and took an increasingly independent view. This led to a steady decline of the empire after 1945. In the Asian and African colonies, nationalist movements used a range of methods to end British rule. By the late 1960s, most of Britain's territories had become independent countries.
Nationalarchives.gov.uk. (2018). The National Archives | Education | British Empire |. [online] Available at:
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/empire/intro/overview6.htm
[Accessed 11 Feb. 2018].
REVOLUTION
How big was the expansion?
At its height the British empire was the largest in world history. It covered around 25% of the world's land surface. Large areas of North America, Australia, Africa and Asia were all part of the British empire at one time or other. Other areas, especially in South America, were closely linked to the British empire by trade.
Nationalarchives.gov.uk. (2018). The National Archives | Education | British Empire |. [online] Available at:
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/empire/intro/overview2.htm
[Accessed 10 Feb. 2018].
How many counties has British invaded?
There Are Only 22 Countries in the World That the British Haven’t Invaded
BY MATT SONIAK NOVEMBER 8, 2012
Getty Images
GETTY IMAGES
Of the almost 200 current member states (and one observer state) of the United Nations, the British have, at some point in history, invaded and established a military presence in 171 of them.
This is what British historian Stuart Laycock learned after his son asked him how many countries Britain had invaded. He dug into the history of almost 200 nations and found only 22 that the Brits hadn’t marched into. He talks about each one in
-Mentalfloss.com. (2018). There Are Only 22 Countries in the World That the British Haven’t Invaded. [online] Available at:
http://mentalfloss.com/article/13019/there-are-only-22-countries-world-british-haven%E2%80%99t-invaded
[Accessed 12 Feb. 2018].
EXPANSION
DECLINE
INDRODUCTION
when did the revolution start?
The British began to establish overseas colonies in the 16th century. By 1783 Britain had a large empire, with colonies in America and the West Indies. This 'first British Empire' came to end after the American Revolution.
However, in the 19th century, the British built a second worldwide empire, based on British sea-power, India, and huge conquests in Africa.
Bbc.co.uk. (2018). BBC - KS3 Bitesize History - The British Empire through time : Revision, Page 2. [online] Available at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/uk_through_time/british_empire_through_time/revision/2/
[Accessed 14 Feb. 2018].