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CRITICAL THINKING, CONCEPTS AND TOOLS (UNIVERSAL THINKING STANDARDS…
CRITICAL THINKING, CONCEPTS AND TOOLS
WHAT WE NEED TO DO
We must avoid al type of arbitrary, blurred, biased, and prejudiced thinking as our quality of life depends on our way of thinking, but it needs to be exercised.
Critical thinking is a way of thinking about any topic where you develop your way of thinking and you put everything under intelectual standards.
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CRITICAL THINKING RESULT
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Recognizes and evaluates based on causes and consequences and creates solutions and effective communication
It is auto-directed, auto-disciplined, auto-regulated and auto-corrected
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THINKING ELEMENTS
Point of view: references, perspectives and orientation
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Question: problem, situation
Information: facts, information, observations, experiences
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Concepts: theories, definitions, laws, models
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CLARITY
ACCURACY, PRECISION, RELEVANCE
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HOW TO REASON
Purpose
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Needs time to crate clarity, you need to distinguish your purpose from others, verify it is always focused, choose realistic and significative ones.
Questions: What I’m trying to achieve?, What is the main goal?, Which is my purpose?
Solve something
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Needs time, develop different questions, identify if the question has only one answer, if it needs opinion or points of view.
Questions: What question am I creating?, What question am I responding?
Assumptions
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Identify them clearly and look if they are justified, and look if they determine your point of view
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Perspective
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Identify your perspective, look for others and identify strong points, be partial and evaluator every point of view
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Data and Information
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Questions: What information amI using to achieve the conclusion? Which experiences have I had to support the affirmation? What information I need?
Limit affirmations in data, obtain information against and in favor of what you think, use clear and relevant data, be sure you have enough information.
Concepts and Ideas
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Identify key concepts and explain them with clarity, consider alternate concepts or definitions, be sure you use them safely
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Inferences
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Infer just what is outside the evidence, verify the inferences preconscious between them, identify suppositions to achieve inferences
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EGOCENTRIC THINKING
It is the worst thing we can have as way of thinking. Emerges as we don’t tend to consider rights and necessities from others and we don’t appreciate others point of view or our limitations
Usually we don’t recognize it, from data, sources, concepts or ideas, we don’t recognize our perspective
Sometimes we believe in our intuitive perceptions even though they are wrong. Instead of using intelectual standards, we use psychology egocentric thinking to determine
Innate egocentrism: Is true because I believe in it. I believe it even when I haven’t questioned the bases of my thoughts.
Innate sociocentrism: Is true because we believe in it. Dominant believing in my group are true even I haven’t questioned the bases
Innate wishes achievement: Is true because I want to believe it I believe in what feels good, what supports what I think and doesn’t make me change it so I never be wrong
Innate auto-validation: Is true because I’ve always thought like that. Big wish to maintain believing I’ve always had, even I haven’t consider other data or evidence.
Innate egoism: Is true because it suits me to believe it. My thought are based in the ones that fit the strongest, richest or with most advantages, even they aren’r based in evidence.
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Consequences: Based on this, as time passes, we don’t want to create intelectual based, our thinking is poor and we betray ourselves.
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INTELECTUAL VIRTUES
Intelectual humility
Be aware of your knowledge limits including special susceptibility in circumstances where egocentric is not to trust, sensible to prejudice, tendencies, limitations of your point of view
Not pretend you now everything, not sumisión or weakness.
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Intelectual integrity
Be conscious of the need to confront and attend justice, ideas, believing and visions to the ones that haven’t attracted attention.
Recognizes that there are ideas that even though we consider them dangerous or not really intelligent, can have justified with reasons and there are conclusions or believing that her been taught on us that can be false.
We can’t just accept what we have learned as we need to realize that there are facts that we thought were dangerous or not true that are actually true.
We need to be vertical in these situations and there can be consequences for the ones that doesn’t are ok with what they know.
Intelectual empathy
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Ability to build with precision the points of view and reasoning and be able to reason based in premises, suppositions and ideas that are not ours.
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Intelectual autonomy
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Learn to think in you, domain your mental process of reasoning.
Analyze and evaluate believing as a way to reason and evidence. To question when reason tells you to do it, believe when it tells you to believe and conform when reason tells you.
Intelectual entirety
Recognize necessity to be honest in your way of thinking, be conscious in intellectual standards, go under the same greatness of evidence and prove that asks more from others.
Practice what you tell to others and be humble in the inconsistencies of your own thinking and actions.
Intelectual perseverance
Be conscious that the intelectual insight must be used, and also the truth even if you face difficulties, obstacles or frustrations.
Adhere to rational principles no matter the irrational opposition of others and a necessity to confront confusion for a longer time to achieve a deeper understanding about the topic
Trust in reason
Trust in the fact that own reason and humility will be better if they are in the reason path, to invite people to achieve their conclusions with their own faculties
Have faith that people can understand to think in themselves, to make rational visions, conclusions, think with reason and logic, use logic arguments and be reasonable no matter what society or other obstacles make them do.
Impartiality
Be conscious that all points of view must be treated in the same way no matter feelings or personal interests.
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TYPES OF QUESTIONS
You must identify the types of questions you confront, if it has a definitive answer, if it requires subjectivity or to consider antigenic solutions
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HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
Determine your goals, purposes and needs. Recognize obstacles between you and the goal
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LIST TO EVALUATE
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Check the evaluation in the coherence, logic, realist and practice.
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