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Unit 4 cells to organisms ((STUDY, LEARN, FLASHCARDS, WRITE, SPELL,…
Unit 4 cells to organisms
Cell Organization
Eukaryotic has a nucleus
Prokaryotic
has a nucleus
Mitosis and meiosis
MItosis 2 identical cells
:
sometimes people have an extra pair of chromosomes with is down syndrome
meiosis 4 cells
humans have more then most living thing because we are very complex
You need 23 chromosomes from each person witch make a child
cancer is uncontrolled mitosis
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Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
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Function of Mitosis
Cellular Reproduction & general growth and repair of the body.
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Type of Reproduction (Mitosis)
Asexual
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Meiosis is Genetically
Different
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Mitosis is Genetically
Identical
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Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur.
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Number of Divisions (Meiosis)
2
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Number of Divisions (Mitosis)
1
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Chromosome Number (Meiosis)
Reduced by half
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Chromosome Number (Mitosis)
Remains the same
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Meiosis Creates
Sex cells only: Female egg cells or Male sperm cells
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Mitosis Creates
Makes everything other than sex cells
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Vacuoles
Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
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Nucleus
DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activites
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Nucleolus
This produces ribosomes; found in the nucleus
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Centriole
Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cells only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.
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Chloroplast
Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA
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Cell Membrane
Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum's ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.
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Ribosome
Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.
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Cytoskeleton
Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally.
Made of microfilaments and microtubules. (protein strands)
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Chromatin/Chromosomes
plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.
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Vesicles
A small structure made of a lipid bilayer used to transport materials through the cell.
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Microtubule
part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell
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What are the products of photosynthesis?
O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆
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I discovered that plants are made of cells.
Schleiden
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I saw cells in cork and came up with the word "cells to describe them.
Hooke
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I discovered that there are microscopic organisms in pond water.
Leeuwenhoek
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I developed the cell theory and came to the conclusion that all cells come from other cells
Virchow
