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Photosynthesis / Cellular Respiration : (Processes (Citric Acid Cycle:…
Photosynthesis /
Cellular Respiration
:
Where it happens
CO2 and H2O diffuse into chloroplasts (plant cells that process solar energy)
Stoma, where CO2 is enzamatically reduced to a carbohydrate
thykaloids, disk shaped membranes that contain photosynthetic pigments which absorbs solar energy that fuels photosynthesis
takes place in the green part of plant
Where it happens
occurs in the cells of a body outside and inside the mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell)
glycolosis phase (1st step in the process) takes place outside the mitochondria
prep reaction, Kreb's cycle, and electron transport chain occur within the mitochondria
C6H1206+602 - 6C02+6H20+Energy
Oxygen is reduced
Water (H20) is released
A carbohydrate is oxidized to carbon dioxide
Products and Reactants
Uses ATP to break down glucose (sugar/energy)
Uses oxygen, releases CO2 (a "waste" product/exhaled in animals)
Uses oxygen to form water
Inverse Equations
Uses water to form oxygen
Uses sunlight to produce ATP
Uses CO2 to produce glucose
Water is oxidized
Oxygen is released
Co2 is reduced to a carbohydrate
Reduction, Oxidation, and Release
Energy+6CO2+6H20+6H20 - C6H1206+602
*
Processes
Light Reactions: The process that converts solar energy into ATP energy
Photosystem 1
: Reaction center, responsible for chemiososis
Aids in chemismosis
reaction center
Electron Transport Chain
: Electron transfer connection between PS2 and PS1
Used to transport charged H+ ions to PS1
Aids in chemiosmosis
a gradient used to make ATP
NADP (nicotinamide nucleotide energy molecule)
NADP+ H+ ions = NADPH+
Photosystem 2
: Light reaction center, solar antenna.
Oxygen (a gas that animals use to survive) is released into the atmosphere
Generates charged H+ ions
helps move the reaction to the ETC
Solar energy (energy from the sun) enters the process at PS2
Water (H20) is oxidized in this stage
ATP synthase pump
: protein utilized to make ATP
ADP+P=ATP (chemical energy)
Utilizes cyclic pathways
Calvin Cycle:
a two-step process; generates glucose
carbon fixation: a process, which generates all the organic molecules a plant needs
regeneration of RuBP
generation of glucose (sugar CH20)
CO2 (a gas plants utilize to survive) reduction
Processes
Preparatory Reaction
acetyl-COA is formed
CO2 is released
Citric Acid Cycle: Step 3: Responsible for oxidation of chemical energy
a 6 carbon molecule is formed
ATP is formed by substrate level phosphorolation
turns twice for one glucose molecule
produces 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 per glucose molecule
Gycolysis
Energy investment phase
breaks down glucose
produces ATP, pyruvate, NADH
energy harvesting phase
uses oxygen
produces CO2
Electron Transport Chain (inter-cellular system that transports electrons)
receives electrons from NADH & FADH2
produces ATP by oxidative phosporylation
produces H2O
fuel ATP synthase pump
In plants: the process of turning solar energy into ATP
In plants and animals: the process of turning ATP into glucose