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Unit 4 Cells organism (Vacuoles
Store waste products, nutrients, and…
Unit 4 Cells organism
Vacuoles
Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
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Meiosis
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
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Meiosis Occurs in
Humans, animals, plants, fungi
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Crossing Over (Meiosis)
Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.
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Nucleus
DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activites
Cytoplasm
Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles and provides the perfect environment for chemical reactions to take place
Centriole
Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cells only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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Chloroplast
Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA
Mitochondria
Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum's ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.
Ribosome
Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.
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Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally.
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Chromatin/Chromosomes
plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.
Microtubule
part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell
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Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur.
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Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
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Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.
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Contain an enzyme that allows the breakdown of H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) which is made by cell reactions and is toxic to the cell
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The steps of mitosis are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
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Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.
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Other Facts
Vacuoles
Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
Nucleus
DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activities
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Cytoplasm
Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles and provides the perfect environment for chemical reactions to take placetext
Centriole
Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cells only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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Chloroplasts
Use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA
Cell Membrane
Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Mitochondria
Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.
Ribosome
Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.
Cytoskeleton Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externallyMade of microfilaments and microtubules. (protein strands)
Cell Wall
Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.
Chromatin/Chromosomes
plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.
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Cilia
Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.
Flagella
Whip-like appendage that extends from the body; used for movement or for sensing the environment
Peroxisomes
Contain an enzyme that allows the breakdown of H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) which is made by cell reactions and is toxic to the cell
Microtubule
part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell
Cell organization
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A function of a cell membrane helps to maintain a chemical balance between materials inside and outside the cell. Also waste products.
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Some organelles that can be found in the cytoplasm is that cells make their own proteins on small structures in the cytoplasm called ribosomes.
A function of the nucleus is it contains genetic blueprints for the operations of the cell in the form of long strands called chromatin, a form hereditary material.
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Cells differ by the variety of sizes. The shape of cell may also tell you something about the job the cell does.
In many-celled organisms, cells are organized into tissues which are groups of similar cells that di the same sort of work.
Meaning of Organelle: In eukaryotic cells the structures within the cytoplasm that break down food move wastes and store materials.
Meaning of Golgi body: Cell organelles consisting of stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package and move proteins to the outside of the sell.
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The plant wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports and protects the plant cell. Chloroplasts ate organelles in plant cells in which light energy is changed into chemical in the form of a sugar. f
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Mitosis
Mitosis-
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
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Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur.
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Steps of Mitosis -
The steps of mitosis are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
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Meiosis
Meiosis-
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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Meiosis Occurs in -
Humans, animals, plants, fungi
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Crossing Over (Meiosis) -
Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.
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Photosynthesis
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With white light, what settings lead to the maximum oxygen production?
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