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Student motivation, engagement & achievement (Stategies to engage…

- - - - Increased confidence and competence will motivate students to engage and complete complex content-area reading and writing tasks. Positive experiences leads to improved learning and achievement.
  - - - Some conditions needed to get student involved with academic literacy task. Their need for choice, autonomy, purpose, voice, competence, encouragement and acceptance.
- - - - Provides motivation to read, multiple opportunities and authentic reasons to engage with text, and safe ways to participate, take risks and make mistakes.
      - Students feel that teacher cares about them and their learning.
- - - - Improved comprehension. Motivation to read and write is increase by their new knowledge and experience and the discussions. Students also feel that their life experiences are relevant and appreciated, hence their view on the content is meaningful and connected, not isolated and foreign.
      - This activate students' prior knowledge, and also through demonstrations, film, field trips, picture books, discussions and builds their background knowledge by also relating to any similarities/contrasts between their life experiences, to the texts/topic that will be read and produced. E.g. participating in a hands-on activity, actively discuss and analyse before completing related reading and writing tasks.
  - - - Understanding the larger political, historical, and economic contexts within which texts are produced allows students to comprehend why certain perspectives are valued above others, what assumptions underlie the author's words, whose ideas gain currency, and why this might be the case.
  - - - Allow them to monitor their own comprehension effectively. Students realise what they don't understand or when something don't make sense. They can use some strategies like rereading, listing/visualising, questioning the text, relating content to personal background, or using text aids to assist with comprehension. They can do it independently.
    - - Teachers should implement vocabulary instructions to increase reading comprehension, develop knowledge of new concepts,
        improve range and specificity in writing, help students communicate more effectively, and develop deeper understanding of words and concepts with which students are only nominally familiar.
    - - Questioning is effective for improving comprehension because it provides students with a purpose for reading, focuses attention on what must be learned, helps develop active thinking while reading, helps monitor comprehension, helps review content, and relates what is being learned to what is already known
      - writing-to-learn strategies, written responses to higher-order-thinking questions, engagement in Socratic discussion, use of analytical graphic organizers, inquiry-based learning, and collaborative routines for text study all involve asking and answering questions, and all have been proven effective in improving literacy habits and skills, including reading comprehension.