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3.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO BIODIVERSITY (Types of Biodiversity (Species…
3.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO BIODIVERSITY
Types of Biodiversity
Species diversity
A product of two variables; species richness and relative proportions
Habitat Diversity
Range of different habitats per unit area in a particular ecosystem or biome
Genetic Diversity
The range of genetic material present in a population of a species
Biodiversity
broad concept encompassing total diversity which includes genetic, species and habitat diversity.
variety of all life forms on Earth
Biodiversity - indicator of ecosystem health
Advantages of high biodiversity
Resilience and stability
Has improved characteristics to make use of all resources
Resistant to diseases (genetic diversity)
Disadvantages of high biodiversity
Plant species have different requirements and tolerance to grazing
May be result of a breaking up of a habitat (fragmentation)
Diversity indices
Low diversity in a habitat could be indicator of pollution, euthropication and recent colonization of a site
Refer 2.5 for methods
A mathematical measure of species diversity in a community
Hotspots
Tends to be nearer tropics
Fewer limiting factors
A region with high level of biodiversity that is under threat form human activities
Have large densities of human habitation
Contains more than 1500 species which are endemic