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Growth and Division of Cell (Growth Phase of the Cell Cycle (S Phase…
Growth and Division of Cell
Growth Phase of the Cell Cycle
G1 Phase
1st stage after division
Synthesis of nucleotides
used for next round of DNA replication
Growth Phase
Resting phase
Interphase
S Phase
Genes in the nucleus are replicated
Genome:
entire complex of genes
Histones
Special class of proteins
In Eukaryotes
Cetromere
Near center of chromosome
Chromatid
Each half of doubled chromosome
G2 Phase
Cells prepare for division
Division Phase of the Cell Cycle
Karyokinesis
division of the nucleus
Mitosis
Duplication division
Prophase
Chromosomes condense
Chromosomes coil up
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up
In center of cell
Metaphase plate
Anaphase
Pull away from center
Chromosomes separate
Telophase
2 new nuclei form
Both have full set of chromosomes
Meiosis
daughter nuclei are replicates of the original mother nucleus
Gamete
2 sex cells
Zygote
Sex cells fuse together
Cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
Preprophase band
identifies the plane of division
marks region where new cell wall attaches to existing wall
Phragmoplast
set of short microtubules aligned parallel to spindle microtubules
Cell plate
phragmoplast, vesicle & walls
Phragmosome
Set of microtubules, actin filaments & cytoplasm
Vacuole division is accomplished
Meiosis 1
Prophase 1
Most complicated stage
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
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Meiosis 2
Two chromatids of each chromosome are separated
Less Common Types of Division in Plants
Coenocyte
cell becomes large
has hundreds/thousands of nuclei
Cell Division in Algae
Nuclei
virtually identical to those of animals in terms of
structure, metabolism, mitosis, and meiosis
Cytokinesis
Phycoplast
furrowing or by cell plate formation
Associated by division
Cell Division of Prokaryotes
All genetic material occurs as one/several rings of DNA
Division of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Division of organelles accomplished
By infurrowing or by being pulled in two